Ford ES, Giles WH, Mokdad AH. Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among u.s. Adults. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(10):2444–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lim S, Shin H, Song JH, Kwak SH, Kang SM, Won Yoon J, Choi SH, Cho SI, Park KS, Lee HK, et al. Increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korea: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1998–2007. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(6):1323–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome--a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005;366(9491):1059–62.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, Fruchart JC, James WP, Loria CM, Smith Jr SC. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009;120(16):1640–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Potenza MV, Mechanick JI. The metabolic syndrome: definition, global impact, and pathophysiology. Nutrition Clin Practice. 2009;24(5):560–77.
Article
Google Scholar
Cornier MA, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL, Lindstrom RC, Steig AJ, Stob NR, Van Pelt RE, Wang H, Eckel RH. The metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(7):777–822.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cohen A, Pieper CF, Brown AJ, Bastian LA. Number of children and risk of metabolic syndrome in women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2006;15(6):763–73.
Article
Google Scholar
Carr MC. The emergence of the metabolic syndrome with menopause. J Clin Endocrinology Metabolism. 2003;88(6):2404–11.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
He K, Song Y, Daviglus ML, Liu K, Van Horn L, Dyer AR, Greenland P. Accumulated evidence on fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Circulation. 2004;109(22):2705–11.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hu FB, Cho E, Rexrode KM, Albert CM, Manson JE. Fish and long-chain omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease and total mortality in diabetic women. Circulation. 2003;107(14):1852–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
He K, Song Y, Daviglus ML, Liu K, Van Horn L, Dyer AR, Goldbourt U, Greenland P. Fish consumption and incidence of stroke: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Stroke. 2004;35(7):1538–42.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zheng J, Huang T, Yu Y, Hu X, Yang B, Li D. Fish consumption and CHD mortality: an updated meta-analysis of seventeen cohort studies. Public Health Nutr. 2012;15(4):725–37.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mozaffarian D, Wu JH. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(20):2047–67.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alexander J, Vitenskapskomiteen for m. A comprehensive assessment of fish and other seafood in the Norwegian diet. Oslo: Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet; 2007.
Google Scholar
Lund EK. Health benefits of seafood; is it just the fatty acids? Food Chem. 2013;140(3):413–20.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tørris C, Molin M, Cvancarova Småstuen M. Fish consumption and its possible preventive role on the development and prevalence of metabolic syndrome - a systematic review. Diabetology Metabolic Syndrome. 2014;6:112.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vazquez C, Botella-Carretero JI, Corella D, Fiol M, Lage M, Lurbe E, Richart C, Fernandez-Real JM, Fuentes F, Ordonez A, et al. White fish reduces cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome: the WISH-CARE study, a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;24(3):328–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baik I, Abbott RD, Curb JD, Shin C. Intake of fish and n-3 fatty acids and future risk of metabolic syndrome. J Am Dietetic Assoc. 2010;110(7):1018–26.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zaribaf F, Falahi E, Barak F, Heidari M, Keshteli AH, Yazdannik A, Esmaillzadeh A. Fish consumption is inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014;68(4):474–80.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Erkkila AT, Schwab US, de Mello VD, Lappalainen T, Mussalo H, Lehto S, Kemi V, Lamberg-Allardt C, Uusitupa MI. Effects of fatty and lean fish intake on blood pressure in subjects with coronary heart disease using multiple medications. Eur J Nutr. 2008;47(6):319–28.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jacobsen BK, Eggen AE, Mathiesen EB, Wilsgaard T, Njolstad I. Cohort profile: the Tromso Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41(4):961–7.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Eggen AE, Mathiesen EB, Wilsgaard T, Jacobsen BK, Njolstad I. The sixth survey of the Tromso Study (Tromso 6) in 2007–08: collaborative research in the interface between clinical medicine and epidemiology: study objectives, design, data collection procedures, and attendance in a multipurpose population-based health survey. Scand J Public Health. 2013;41(1):65–80.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith Jr SC, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005;112(17):2735–52.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kouki R, Schwab U, Hassinen M, Komulainen P, Heikkila H, Lakka TA, Rauramaa R. Food consumption, nutrient intake and the risk of having metabolic syndrome: the DR’s EXTRA Study. EurJ Clin Nutr. 2011;65(3):368–77.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ruidavets JB, Bongard V, Dallongeville J, Arveiler D, Ducimetiere P, Perret B, Simon C, Amouyel P, Ferrieres J. High consumptions of grain, fish, dairy products and combinations of these are associated with a low prevalence of metabolic syndrome. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61(9):810–7.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Baik I. Optimal cutoff points of waist circumference for the criteria of abdominal obesity: comparison with the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Circulation J. 2009;73(11):2068–75.
Article
Google Scholar
Lai YH, Petrone AB, Pankow JS, Arnett DK, North KE, Ellison RC, Hunt SC, Djousse L: Association of dietary omega-3 fatty acids with prevalence of metabolic syndrome: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Clinical nutrition 2013;32(6):966-69.
Pasalic D, Dodig S, Corovic N, Pizent A, Jurasovic J, Pavlovic M. High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an elderly Croatian population - a multicentre study. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14(9):1650–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ramel A, Jonsdottir MT, Thorsdottir I. Consumption of cod and weight loss in young overweight and obese adults on an energy reduced diet for 8-weeks. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19(10):690–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Uhe AM, Collier GR, O’Dea K. A comparison of the effects of beef, chicken and fish protein on satiety and amino acid profiles in lean male subjects. J Nutr. 1992;122(3):467–72.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
El Khoury D, Anderson GH. Recent advances in dietary proteins and lipid metabolism. Current Opinion Lipidology. 2013;24(3):207–13.
Article
Google Scholar
Shukla A, Bettzieche A, Hirche F, Brandsch C, Stangl GI, Eder K. Dietary fish protein alters blood lipid concentrations and hepatic genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis in the rat model. Br J Nutr. 2006;96(4):674–82.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pilon G, Ruzzin J, Rioux LE, Lavigne C, White PJ, Froyland L, Jacques H, Bryl P, Beaulieu L, Marette A. Differential effects of various fish proteins in altering body weight, adiposity, inflammatory status, and insulin sensitivity in high-fat-fed rats. Metabolism. 2011;60(8):1122–30.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Madani Z, Louchami K, Sener A, Malaisse WJ, Ait Yahia D. Dietary sardine protein lowers insulin resistance, leptin and TNF-alpha and beneficially affects adipose tissue oxidative stress in rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Int J Molecular Med. 2012;29(2):311–8.
CAS
Google Scholar
Ouellet V, Marois J, Weisnagel SJ, Jacques H. Dietary cod protein improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant men and women: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(11):2816–21.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cho YA, Kim J, Cho ER, Shin A. Dietary patterns and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean women. Nutr Metab Cardiovas Dis. 2011;21(11):893–900.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Allan CA. Sex steroids and glucose metabolism. Asian J Andrology. 2014;16(2):232–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Sartorius G, Spasevska S, Idan A, Turner L, Forbes E, Zamojska A, Allan CA, Ly LP, Conway AJ, McLachlan RI, et al. Serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol concentrations in older men self-reporting very good health: the healthy man study. Clin Endocrinology. 2012;77(5):755–63.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Agledahl I, Skjaerpe PA, Hansen JB, Svartberg J. Low serum testosterone in men is inversely associated with non-fasting serum triglycerides: the Tromso study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;18(4):256–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grundy SM. Metabolic syndrome pandemic. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vascular Biology. 2008;28(4):629–36.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Maggi S, Noale M, Gallina P, Bianchi D, Marzari C, Limongi F, Crepaldi G. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in an elderly Caucasian cohort: the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(5):505–10.
Article
Google Scholar
Jaber LA, Brown MB, Hammad A, Zhu Q, Herman WH. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among arab americans. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(1):234–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guarner-Lans V, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Perez-Torres I, Banos de MacCarthy G. Relation of aging and sex hormones to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Exp Gerontol. 2011;46(7):517–23.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gunderson EP, Jacobs Jr DR, Chiang V, Lewis CE, Feng J, Quesenberry Jr CP, Sidney S. Duration of lactation and incidence of the metabolic syndrome in women of reproductive age according to gestational diabetes mellitus status: a 20-Year prospective study in CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults). Diabetes. 2010;59(2):495–504.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Butte NF, King JC. Energy requirements during pregnancy and lactation. Public Health Nutr. 2005;8(7A):1010–27.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Butte NF, Wong WW, Hopkinson JM. Energy requirements of lactating women derived from doubly labeled water and milk energy output. J Nutr. 2001;131(1):53–8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stuebe AM, Rich-Edwards JW. The reset hypothesis: lactation and maternal metabolism. Am J Perinatol. 2009;26(1):81–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Torris C, Thune I, Emaus A, Finstad SE, Bye A, Furberg AS, Barrett E, Jasienska G, Ellison P, Hjartaker A. Duration of lactation, maternal metabolic profile, and body composition in the Norwegian EBBA I-study. Breastfeed Med. 2013;8(1):8–15.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim H, Park S, Yang H, Choi YJ, Huh KB, Chang N. Association between fish and shellfish, and omega-3 PUFAs intake and CVD risk factors in middle-aged female patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutrition Res Practice. 2015;9(5):496–502.
Article
Google Scholar
Telle-Hansen VH, Larsen LN, Hostmark AT, Molin M, Dahl L, Almendingen K, Ulven SM. Daily intake of cod or salmon for 2 weeks decreases the 18:1n-9/18:0 ratio and serum triacylglycerols in healthy subjects. Lipids. 2012;47(2):151–60.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aadland EK, Lavigne C, Graff IE, Eng O, Paquette M, Holthe A, Mellgren G, Jacques H, Liaset B. Lean-seafood intake reduces cardiovascular lipid risk factors in healthy subjects: results from a randomized controlled trial with a crossover design. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(3):582–92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liu X, Tao L, Cao K, Wang Z, Chen D, Guo J, Zhu H, Yang X, Wang Y, Wang J, et al. Association of high-density lipoprotein with development of metabolic syndrome components: a five-year follow-up in adults. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:412.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar