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  2. Men living in low- and middle-income countries are unlikely to seek mental health care, where poor healthcare infrastructure, differences in illness conceptualization, and stigma can impact treatment seeking. ...

    Authors: Daniel P. Lakin, Kyaw Soe Win, Htin Aung, Khin Nyein Chan Soe, Bo Kyi, Arik V. Marcell, Wietse A. Tol and Judith K. Bass

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:211

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  3. The WHO identified the importance of macro-socioeconomic determinants and political context as interlinked key factors affecting healthcare quality and health equity. As a response to the recent economic and f...

    Authors: Julia Nadine Doetsch, Sandra C. S. Marques, Thomas Krafft and Henrique Barros

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:210

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  4. Ensuring women have information, support and access to family planning (FP) services will allow women to exercise their reproductive autonomy and reduce maternal mortality, which remains high in countries such...

    Authors: Alison B. Comfort, Cynthia C. Harper, Alexander C. Tsai, Jessica M. Perkins, James Moody, Justin Ranjalahy Rasolofomana, Cora Alperin, Margaret Schultz, Anja Noeliarivelo Ranjalahy, Ravo Heriniaina and Paul J. Krezanoski

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:209

    Content type: Research article

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  5. A child’s long-term illness or disability is always a serious matter that impacts the whole family. Costs related to an illness can substantially affect a family’s financial situation. To date, there is little...

    Authors: Anna Paajanen, Kristi Sidney Annerstedt and Salla Atkins

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:208

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Schools and school climate are thought to influence academic outcomes as well as child and adolescent development, health and well-being. We sought to examine the relationship between several aspects of the sc...

    Authors: Mitchell D. Wong, Kulwant K. Dosanjh, Nicholas J. Jackson, Dennis Rünger and Rebecca N. Dudovitz

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:207

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Studies of the patterns of polytobacco use have increased. However, understanding the patterns of using multiple tobacco products among Black adolescents is minimal. This study identified the patterns of polyt...

    Authors: Tamika D. Gilreath, Derek T. Dangerfield II, Francisco A. Montiel Ishino, Ashley V. Hill and Renee M. Johnson

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:206

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  8. Approximately 40% of cancers could be prevented if people lived healthier lifestyles. We have developed a theory-based brief intervention to share personalised cancer risk information and promote behaviour cha...

    Authors: Katie Mills, Ben Paxton, Fiona M. Walter, Simon J. Griffin, Stephen Sutton and Juliet A. Usher-Smith

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:205

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  9. This process evaluation explored the implementation and mechanisms of impact of a Park Prescription Intervention trial (PPI), including the effects of hypothesised mediators (motivation, social support, recrea...

    Authors: Nicholas Petrunoff, Jiali Yao, Angelia Sia, Alwyn Ng, Anbumalar Ramiah, Michael Wong, Jane Han, Bee Choo Tai, Léonie Uijtdewilligen and Falk Müller-Riemenschneider

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:204

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  10. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The DIAbetic CArdioVAscular Screening and intervention trial (DIACAVAS) was designed to clarify whether adv...

    Authors: Marie Dahl, Susanne Friis Søndergaard, Axel Diederichsen, Frans Pouwer, Susanne S. Pedersen, Jens Søndergaard and Jes Lindholt

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:203

    Content type: Research article

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  11. There is a need to develop and improve interventions promoting healthy drinking behaviors among children. A promising method could be to stimulate peer influence within children’s social networks. In the Share H2

    Authors: Crystal R. Smit, Rebecca N. H. de Leeuw, Kirsten E. Bevelander, William J. Burk, Thabo J. van Woudenberg, Laura Buijs and Moniek Buijzen

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:202

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Peer leadership can be an effective strategy for implementing health programs, benefiting both program participants and peer leaders. To realize such benefits, the peer leader role must be appropriate for the ...

    Authors: Jacob P. Beckerman-Hsu, Cristina Gago, Alyssa Aftosmes-Tobio, Janine M. Jurkowski, Kindra Lansburg, Jessie Leonard, Merieka Torrico, Sebastien Haneuse, S. V. Subramanian, Erica L. Kenney and Kirsten K. Davison

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:201

    Content type: Research article

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  13. The aim of this study was to develop a standardized method to reconstruct persons’ individual viral load (VL) courses to determine viral suppression and duration of viremia for the HIV care continuum in German...

    Authors: Daniel Schmidt, Christian Kollan, Matthias Stoll, Osamah Hamouda, Viviane Bremer, Tobias Kurth and Barbara Bartmeyer

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:200

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Novel coronavirus is a global pandemic and killed many individuals, including health care professionals. It caused stress on the health care system of all countries. Presently, studies are emerging regarding t...

    Authors: Abera Mersha, Shitaye Shibiru, Meseret Girma, Gistane Ayele, Agegnehu Bante, Mekidim Kassa, Sintayehu Abebe and Misgun Shewangizaw

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:199

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Particulate matter (PM) exposure is an important health risk, both in daily life and in the workplace. It causes respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and results in 800,000 premature deaths per year worldwi...

    Authors: T. A. M. Stege, J. F. B. Bolte, L. Claassen and D. R. M. Timmermans

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:198

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Hong Kong lacks comprehensive school-based sexuality education. Recent public health concerns have brought the inadequacies of sex education in Hong Kong to the forefront. The aim of the proposed study is to d...

    Authors: Ellie Bostwick Andres, Edmond Pui Hang Choi, Alice Wai Chi Fung, Kevin Wing Chung Lau, Neda Hei Tung Ng, Monique Yeung and Janice Mary Johnston

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:197

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  17. The increase of excess weight around the world is progressive and sustained in children. This is the most prevalent form of malnutrition in this population and they represent the major public health problem in...

    Authors: María José Bustamante, Emma Laura Alfaro, José Edgardo Dipierri and María Dolores Román

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:196

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  18. Healthcare workers, who protect and improve the health of individuals, are critical to the success of health systems and achieving national and global health goals. To respond effectively to the healthcare nee...

    Authors: Jingjing Ge, Jing He, Yan Liu, Juying Zhang, Jingping Pan, Xueli Zhang and Danping Liu

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:195

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  19. Infant mortality is considered an important and sensitive health indicator in several countries, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. Most of the factors influencing infant mortality are inte...

    Authors: Carolina Ribeiro Anele, Vânia Naomi Hirakata, Marcelo Zubaran Goldani and Clécio Homrich da Silva

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:194

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  20. Despite significant progress in the reduction of under-five child deaths over the last decades in Ethiopia, still diarrhea remains the second cause of morbidity and mortality among under five children next to ...

    Authors: Yilkal Negesse, Asefa Adimasu Taddese, Ayenew Negesse and Tadesse Awoke Ayele

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:193

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  21. National public health agencies are required to prioritise infectious diseases for prevention and control. We applied the prioritisation method recommended by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Con...

    Authors: Sofieke Klamer, Nina Van Goethem, Daniel Thomas, Els Duysburgh, Toon Braeye and Sophie Quoilin

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:192

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  22. Social determinants of health frameworks are standard tools in public health. These frameworks for the most part omit a crucial factor: the family. Socioeconomic status moreover is a prominent social determina...

    Authors: Frederik Booysen, Ferdi Botha and Edwin Wouters

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:191

    Content type: Correspondence

    Published on:

  23. Adolescents living with perinatal HIV often experience difficult living circumstances that can impact educational achievement and thus their transition to adult life. We explored their school trajectories and ...

    Authors: Ophélie Merville, Patcharee Puangmala, Pranee Suksawas, Woranut Kliangpiboon, Waraporn Keawvilai, Chorkanikar Tunkam, Suvimon Yama, Usa Sukhaphan, Somporn Sathan, Siriporn Marasri, Louise Rolland-guillard, Wasna Sirirungsi and Sophie Le Cœur

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:189

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  24. Financial incentives have been used to increase physical activity. However, the benefit of financial incentives is lost when an intervention ends. Thus, for this study, we combined social network incentives th...

    Authors: Ryo Yamashita, Shinji Sato, Ryoichi Akase, Tatsuo Doi, Shigeki Tsuzuku, Toyohiko Yokoi, Shingo Otsuki and Eisaku Harada

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:188

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  25. Limited capacity to regulate medical products is associated with circulation of products which do not meet standards of quality, safety and efficacy with negative public health and economic outcomes. This stud...

    Authors: Margareth Ndomondo-Sigonda, Jacqueline Miot, Shan Naidoo, Nelson E. Masota, Brian Ng’andu, Nancy Ngum and Eliangiringa Kaale

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:187

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  26. Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a harmful traditional practice that violates the human rights of girls and women. It is widely practiced mainly in Africa including Ethiopia. There are a number of ...

    Authors: Tesfahun Taddege Geremew, Muluken Azage and Endalkachew Worku Mengesha

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:186

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  27. Children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition are managed routinely within out-patient malnutrition treatment programs. These programs do not offer maternal mental health support services, despite mate...

    Authors: Aminu T. Abdullahi, Zubaida L. Farouk and Abdulazeez Imam

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:185

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  28. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-level intervention on hookah smoking frequency and duration among Iranian adolescents and adults.

    Authors: Fatemeh Bakhtari Aghdam, Nader Alizadeh, Haidar Nadrian, Christoph Augner and Asghar Mohammadpoorasl

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:184

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. Globally the burden of Obstructive Lung Diseases (OLD) is growing, however its effect on urban poor populations with the high prevalence of tobacco dependence is virtually unknown. The purpose of this project ...

    Authors: Smita Pakhale, Saania Tariq, Nina Huynh, Sadia Jama, Tina Kaur, Catherine Charron, Kelly Florence, Fozia Nur, Margaret ( Ella) Bustamante-Bawagan, Ted Bignell, Robert Boyd, Joanne Haddad, Tetyana Kendzerska and Gonzalo Alvarez

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:183

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  30. To better understand sedentary behaviour and favour international comparisons, more evidence from different countries are needed. However, there are a few tools available in Spanish to measure sedentary behavi...

    Authors: Nicolas Aguilar-Farias, Pía Martino-Fuentealba and Damian Chandia-Poblete

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:182

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  31. The ATLAS programme aims to promote and implement HIV self-testing (HIVST) in three West African countries: Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal. During 2019–2021, in close collaboration with the national AIDS imp...

    Authors: Nicolas Rouveau, Odette Ky-Zerbo, Sokhna Boye, Arlette Simo Fotso, Marc d’Elbée, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Romain Silhol, Arsène Kra Kouassi, Anthony Vautier, Clémence Doumenc-Aïdara, Guillaume Breton, Abdelaye Keita, Eboi Ehui, Cheikh Tidiane Ndour, Marie-Claude Boilly, Fern Terris-Prestholt…

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:181

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  32. Ethiopia is a developing sub-Saharan African country with increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including oral conditions. Oral health and dental care have been given little consideration,...

    Authors: Birke Bogale, Fasikawit Engida, Charlotte Hanlon, Martin J. Prince and Jennifer E. Gallagher

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:180

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. Youth living with HIV (YLHIV) in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) are less likely to adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and other health-related regimens. As a consequence, YLHIV are not only at risk for health p...

    Authors: Fred M. Ssewamala, Ozge Sensoy Bahar, Proscovia Nabunya, April D. Thames, Torsten B. Neilands, Christopher Damulira, Barbara Mukasa, Rachel Brathwaite, Claude Mellins, John Santelli, Derek Brown, Shenyang Guo, Phionah Namatovu, Joshua Kiyingi, Flavia Namuwonge and Mary M. McKay

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:179

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  34. Colombia has the fourth highest incidence rate of HIV/AIDS among all Latin American countries and it has been increasing since the 1980s. However, the number of studies that addresses this trend is limited. He...

    Authors: Jhon Freddy Montana, Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff Ferreira, Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo Cunha, Ana Angélica Rêgo de Queiroz, Wellington Augusto Andrade Fernandes, Sandra Helena Isse Polaro, Lucia Hisako Takase Gonçalves, Danielle Costa Carrara Couto, Elucir Gir, Renata Karina Reis, Wiliam Sorensen and Eliã Pinheiro Botelho

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:178

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Less than 19% of those needing tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment complete it, due to losses in several steps of the cascade of care for latent TB infection. A cluster randomized trial of a programmatic pu...

    Authors: Mercedes Yanes-Lane, Anete Trajman, Mayara Lisboa Bastos, Olivia Oxlade, Chantal Valiquette, Nathalia Rufino, Federica Fregonese and Dick Menzies

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:177

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. The response to the coronavirus outbreak and how the disease and its societal consequences pose risks to already vulnerable groups such those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged and ethnic minority groups....

    Authors: Cristina Fernandez Turienzo, Mary Newburn, Agnes Agyepong, Rachael Buabeng, Amy Dignam, Clotilde Abe, Leah Bedward, Hannah Rayment-Jones, Sergio A. Silverio, Abigail Easter, Lauren E. Carson, Louise M. Howard and Jane Sandall

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:176

    Content type: Correspondence

    Published on:

  37. The public health sector has long recognized the role of the social determinants of health in health disparities and the importance of achieving health equity. We now appear to be at an inflection point, as we...

    Authors: Vivian L. Towe, Linnea Warren May, Wenjing Huang, Laurie T. Martin, Katherine Carman, Carolyn E. Miller and Anita Chandra

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:175

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. Human lymphatic filarial pathology is the leading cause of disability and poverty among people living with the infection. The second goal of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) is to...

    Authors: Samuel Opoku Asiedu, Alexander Kwarteng, Emmanuel Kobla Atsu Amewu, Priscilla Kini, Bill Clinton Aglomasa and John Boulard Forkuor

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:174

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Communities and their composition have an impact on neonatal mortality. However, considering the smallest health administrative units as communities and investigating the impact of these communities and their ...

    Authors: George Adjei, Eugene K. M. Darteh, Obed Ernest A. Nettey and David Teye Doku

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:173

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. In recent years new forms of syndromic surveillance that use data from the Internet have been proposed. These have been developed to assist the early prediction of epidemics in various cases and diseases. It h...

    Authors: Loukas Samaras, Miguel-Angel Sicilia and Elena García-Barriocanal

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:100

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. Mental health problems may impact adherence to anti-retroviral treatment, retention in care, and consequently the survival of adolescents living with HIV. The adolescent-caregiver relationship is an important ...

    Authors: Yulia Shenderovich, Mark Boyes, Michelle Degli Esposti, Marisa Casale, Elona Toska, Kathryn J. Roberts and Lucie Cluver

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:172

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. Exposure to pesticides with its associated effects prenatally and in early childhood has not received much attention. There is little scientific data on this aspect in Tanzania therefore this study was meant t...

    Authors: Peter M. Chilipweli, Aiwerasia Vera Ngowi and Karim Manji

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:171

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Absence from school can lead to lower educational achievement and poor health. Little is known about school absence in primary education. This study’s first aim was to examine the prevalence of school absence ...

    Authors: Esther Karen Pijl, Yvonne Theodora Maria Vanneste, Angelique Eveline de Rijk, Frans Joseph Maria Feron and Jolanda Mathijssen

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:170

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. As many children do not meet the recommended daily physical activity (PA) levels, more research is needed towards environmental determinants of children’s PA levels. The aims of this longitudinal study were to...

    Authors: Sanne M. P. L. Gerards, Dave H. H. Van Kann, Stef P. J. Kremers, Maria W. J. Jansen and Jessica S. Gubbels

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:168

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Iodine is a trace element required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The multiple effects of iodine deficiency on human health are called iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). IDDs have been common nutritio...

    Authors: Elilta Elias, Workneh Tsegaye, Barbara J. Stoecker and Tafere Gebreegziabher

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:165

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. As a complex phenomenon, sleep quality is difficult to objectively define and measure, and multiple factors related to sleep quality, such as age, lifestyle, physical activity, and physical fitness, feature pr...

    Authors: Min-Fang Hsu, Kang-Yun Lee, Tsung-Ching Lin, Wen-Te Liu and Shu-Chuan Ho

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:164

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. The implementation of road safety interventions in many developing countries usually focuses on the behavior of users. In order to draw more attention on the role of road infrastructure and physical environmen...

    Authors: Yolaine Glèlè-Ahanhanzo, Alphonse Kpozèhouen, Charles Sossa-Jerôme, Ghislain E. Sopoh, Huguette Tedji, Koovy Yete and Alain Levêque

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:162

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. In Uganda, there are persistent weaknesses in obtaining accurate, reliable and complete data on local and external investments in immunization to guide planning, financing, and resource mobilization. This stud...

    Authors: Carol Kamya, Christabel Abewe, Peter Waiswa, Gilbert Asiimwe, Faith Namugaya, Charles Opio, Immaculate Ampeire, Stephen Lagony and Charlotte Muheki

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:160

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Among people living with HIV in Uganda, desires to have a child and unplanned pregnancies are both common, while utilization of safer conception methods (SCM) and modern contraceptives are low.

    Authors: Glenn J. Wagner, Deborah Mindry, Emily A. Hurley, Jolly Beyeza-Kashesya, Violet Gwokyalya, Sarah Finocchario-Kessler, Rhoda K. Wanyenze, Mastula Nanfuka, Mahlet G. Tebeka and Kathy Goggin

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:156

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Although the educational expansion is often seen as a mechanism that might reduce health inequalities, socioeconomic inequalities in health (SEIH) have persisted or increased over the past decades. Theories su...

    Authors: Silvia Simone Klokgieters, Martijn Huisman, Marjolein Broese van Groenou and Almar Andreas Leonardus Kok

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:155

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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