WHO. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic: Enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2013.
Zwar NA, Mendelsohn CP, Richmond RL. Supporting smoking cessation. BMJ. 2014;348.
Doll R, Peto R, Wheatley K, Gray R, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years’ observations on male British doctors. BMJ. 1994;309:901–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years’ observations on male British doctors. BMJ. 2004;328:1519.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Smoking cessation: what the health service can do. Effectiveness Matters. 1998;3:1–4.
Google Scholar
Brown RA, Larkin JC, Davis RL. Current concepts in the management of smoking cessation: a review. The American journal of managed care. 2000;6:394–401. quiz 402–394.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fiore MC, Hatsukami DK, Baker TB. Effective Tobacco Dependence Treatment. JAMA. 2002;288:1768–71.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stead LF, Lancaster T. Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group. 2012;10:1–93
Cahill K, Lancaster T, Green N. Stage-based interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;10:1–112.
Riemsma R, Pattenden J, Bridle C, Sowden A, Mather L, Watt I, et al. Systematic review of the effectiveness of stage based interventions to promote smoking cessation. BMJ. 2003;326:1175–982.
Prochaska J, DiClemente C. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1983;51:390–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Prochaska J, Velice W. Measuring processes of change: applications to the cessation of smoking. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:520–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
DiClemente C, Prochaska J, Fairhurst S, Velicer W, Velasquez M, Rossi J. The process of smoking cessation: an analysis of precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages of change. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1991;59:295–304.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dijkstra A, De Vries H. The development of computer-generated tailored interventions. Patient Educ Couns. 1999;36:193–203.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krebs P, Prochaska JO, Rossi JS. A meta-analysis of computer-tailored interventions for health behavior change. Prev Med. 2010;51:214–21.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Velicer W, Prochaska J, Fava J, Norman G, Redding C. Smoking cessation and stress management: applications of the transtheoretical model of behavior change. Homeost Health Dis. 1998;38:216–33.
Google Scholar
Sharifirad GR, Eslami AA, Charkazi A, Mostafavi F, Shahnazi H. The effect of individual counseling, line follow-up, and free nicotine replacement therapy on smoking cessation in the samples of Iranian smokers: Examination of transtheoretical model. J Res Med Sci. 2012;17:1128–36.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Prochaska JO, Velicer WF, DiClemente CC, Fava J. Measuring processes of change: applications to the cessation of smoking. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:520–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rosen CS. Is the sequencing of change processes by stage consistent across health problems? A meta-analysis. Health Psychol. 2000;19:593–604.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sinclair HK, Silcock J, Bond CM, Lennox AS, Winfield AJ. The cost-effectiveness of intensive pharmaceutical intervention in assisting people to stop smoking. Int J Pharm Pract. 1999;7:107–12.
Article
Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO). Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008: The MPOWER package. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2008.
McRobbie H, Raw M, Chan S. Research priorities for Article 14: demand reduction measures concerning tobacco dependence and cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15:805–16.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Song Y, Zhao L, Palipudi KM, Asma S, Morton J, Talley B, Hsia J, Ramanandraibe N, Caixeta R, Fouad H, et al. Tracking MPOWER in 14 countries: results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2008–2010. Glob Health Promot. 2013;0:1–14.
Marley JV, Atkinson D, Kitaura T, Nelson C, Gray D, Metcalf S, et al. The Be Our Ally Beat Smoking (BOABS) study, a randomised controlled trial of an intensive smoking cessation intervention in a remote aboriginal Australian health care setting. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:32.
Liu JJ, Wabnitz C, Davidson E, Bhopal RS, White M, Johnson MR, et al. Smoking cessation interventions for ethnic minority groups: a systematic review of adapted interventions. Prev Med. 2013;57:765–75.
Carson KV, Brinn MP, Peters M, Veale A, Esterman AJ, Smith BJ. Interventions for smoking cessation in Indigenous populations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;1:CD009046.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Campbell S, Bohanna I, Swinbourne A, Cadet-James Y, McKeown D, McDermott R. Stages of change, smoking behaviour and readiness to quit in a large sample of Indigenous Australians living in eight remote north queensland communities. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013;10:1562–71.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Thomas DP. Changes in smoking intensity among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, 1994–2008. Med J Aust. 2012;197:503–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bader P, Boisclair D, Ferrence R. Effects of tobacco taxation and pricing on smoking behavior in high risk populations: a knowledge synthesis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8:4118–39.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Aspinall PJ, Mitton L. Smoking prevalence and the changing risk profiles in the UK ethnic and migrant minority populations: implications for stop smoking services. Public Health. 2014;128:297–306.
Lariscy JT, Hummer RA, Rath JM, Villanti AC, Hayward MD, Vallone DM. Race/ethnicity, nativity, and tobacco use among U.S. young adults: Results from a nationally representative survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15:1417–26.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lawrence D, Mitrou F, Zubrick SR. Global research neglect of population-based approaches to smoking cessation: time for a more rigorous science of population health interventions. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2011;106:1549–54.
Article
Google Scholar
Cokkinides VE, Halpern MT, Barbeau EM, Ward E, Thun MJ. Racial and ethnic disparities in smoking-cessation interventions: analysis of the 2005 National Health Interview Survey. Am J Prev Med. 2008;34:404–12.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ogilvie D, Petticrew M. Reducing social inequalities in smoking: can evidence inform policy? A pilot study. Tob Control. 2004;13:129–31.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Prochaska JO, Norcross JC, Diclemente CC. Applying the stages of change. Psychother Aust. 2013;19:10–5.
Google Scholar
Public Health Division. Report of the Minister of Health on Smoking in Israel. Jerusalem, Israel: Ministry of Health; 2012.
Tarabeia J, Green M, Barchana M, Baron-Epel O, Ifrah A, Fishler Y, et al. Increasing lung cancer incidence among Israeli Arab men reflects a change in the earlier paradox of low incidence and high smoking prevalence. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2008;17:291–6.
Khattab A, Javaid A, Iraqi G, Alzaabi A, Ben Kheder A, Koniski M-L, et al. Smoking habits in the Middle East and North Africa: results of the BREATHE study. Respir Med. 2012;106(2):S16–24.
Eriksen M, Mackay J, Ross H. The Tobacco Atlas, 4th ed. Atlanta, GA. World Medical & Health Policy. 2013;5:274–5.
Article
Google Scholar
Girgis S, Adily A, Velasco M, Garden F, Zwar N, Jalaludin B, et al. Smoking patterns and readiness to quit: a study of the Australian Arabic community. Aust Fam Physician. 2009;38:154–61.
Wewers ME, Stillman FA, Hartman AM, Shopland DR. Distribution of daily smokers by stage of change: current population survey results. Prev Med. 2003;36:710–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Slymen DJ, Hovell MF. Cluster versus individual randomization in adolescent tobacco and alcohol studies: illustrations for design decisions. Int J Epidemiol. 1997;26:765–71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, Vagg PR, Jacobs GA. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1983.
Google Scholar
Spielberger CD. State-trait anxiety inventory: a comprehensive bibliography. CA: Consulting Psychologists Press Palo Alto; 1989.
Google Scholar
Spielberger CD. Manual for the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI (Form Y). In: Book Manual for the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI (Form Y). 1983.
Google Scholar
Spielberger CD. State–Trait Anxiety Inventory: a comprehensive bibliography. In: Book State–Trait Anxiety Inventory: a comprehensive bibliography. 1989.
Google Scholar
McDonough P, Walters V. Gender and health: reassessing patterns and explanations. Soc Sci Med. 2001;52:547–59.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Turner RJ, Wheaton B, Lloyd DA. The Epidemiology of Social Stress. American Sociological Review. 1995;60:104–25.
Article
Google Scholar
Karlsson J, Sjostrom L, Sullivan M. Swedish obese subjects (SOS)-an intervention study of obesity. Measuring psychosocial factors and health by means of short-form questionnaires. Results from a method study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;48:817–23.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Daoud N, Soskolne V, Manor O. Examining cultural, psychosocial, community and behavioural factors in relationship to socioeconomic inequalities in limiting longstanding illness among the Arab minority in Israel. Epidemiol Community Health. 2009;63:351–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. British journal of addiction. 1991;86:1119–27.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spencer L, Pagell F, Hallion M, Adams T. Applying the transtheoretical model to tobacco cessation and prevention: a review of literature. Am J Health Promot. 2002;17:7–71. Review.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Khattab A, Javaid A, Iraqi G, Alzaabi A, Ben Kheder A, Koniski M-L, Shahrour N, Taright S, Idrees M, Polatli M, et al. Smoking habits in the Middle East and North Africa: results of the BREATHE study. Respir Med. 2012;106:S16-S24.
Yalçınkaya-Alkar Ö, Karanci A. What are the differences in decisional balance and self-efficacy between Turkish smokers in different stages of change? Addictive behaviors. 2007;32:836–49.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Charkazi A, Shahnazi H, Ghourchaei AB, Mirkarimi K. Smoking behaviors in Iranian male students: an application of transtheoretical model. J Educ Health Promot. 2012;1:22.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schorling JB. The stages of change of rural African-American smokers. American journal of preventive medicine. 1995;11:170–7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Siahpush M, Heller G, Singh G. Lower levels of occupation, income and education are strongly associated with a longer smoking duration: Multivariate results from the 2001 Australian National Drug Strategy Survey. Public Health. 2005;119:1105–10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Daoud N, Abu-Saad K, Kalter-Livovici O. Will Arab men stop smoking? Analysis of smoking cessation readiness according to the trans-theoretical model (the stages and processes of change): internal report National Institue of Health Policy and Research (NIHP). Israel: Tel Hashomer; 2013.
Snow MG, Prochaska JO, Rossi JS. Stages of change for smoking cessation among former problem drinkers: A cross-sectional analysis. J Subst Abuse. 1992;4:107–16.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Velicer WF, Fava JL, Prochaska JO, Abrams DB, Emmons KM, Pierce JP. Distribution of smokers by stage in three representative samples. Prev Med. 1995;24:401–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Velicer WF, Redding CA, Sun X, Prochaska JO. Demographic variables, smoking variables, and outcome across five studies. Health Psychol. 2007;26:278–87.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Choi JH, Chung KM, Park K. Psychosocial predictors of four health-promoting behaviors for cancer prevention using the stage of change of Transtheoretical Model. Psychooncology. 2013;22:2253–61.
Baron-Epel O, Keinan-Boker L, Weinstein R, Shohat T. Persistent high rates of smoking among Israeli Arab males with concomitant decrease among Jews. IMAJ. 2010;12:732–7.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dotinga A, Schrijvers CT, Voorham AJ, Mackenbach JP. Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. Eur J Public Health. 2005;15:152–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hyland A, Li Q, Bauer JE, Giovino GA, Steger C, Cummings KM. Predictors of cessation in a cohort of current and former smokers followed over 13 years. Nicotine Tobacco Research. 2004;6(3):S363–369.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Swayampakala K, Thrasher J, Carpenter MJ, Shigematsu LM, Cupertio AP, Berg CJ. Level of cigarette consumption and quit behavior in a population of low-intensity smokers: longitudinal results from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) survey in Mexico. Addict Behav. 2013;38:1958–65.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boulos DNK, Loffredo CA, El Setouhy M, Abdel-Aziz F, Israel E, Mohamed MK. Nondaily, light daily, and moderate-to-heavy cigarette smokers in a rural area of Egypt: a population-based survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2009;11:134–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Maziak W, Eissenberg T, Klesges R, Keil U, Ward K. Adapting smoking cessation interventions for developing countries: a model for the Middle East. Intl J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004;8:403–13.
CAS
Google Scholar
Hymowitz N, Cummings KM, Hyland A, Lynn WR, Pechacek TF, Hartwell TD. Predictors of smoking cessation in a cohort of adult smokers followed for five years. Tob Control. 1997;6 Suppl 2:S57–62.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stead LF, Buitrago D, Preciado N, Sanchez G, Hartmann-Boyce J, Lancaster T. Physician advice for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;5:Cd000165.
Google Scholar