Stages of change of the readiness to quit smoking among a random sample of minority Arab -male smokers in Israel

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Bivariate associations: stages of change to quit smoking by socio-demographic characteristics, socio-economic position, health status and psychological wellbeing (N = 735)

	Pre-contemplation		Contemplation		Preparation		P-value⃰
	N = 454		N = 175		N = 106		P-value⃰
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age							0.058
18-25	136	66.67	32	15.69	36	17.65
26-35	107	60.11	47	26.40	24	13.48	X² = 12.18
36-45	93	62.42	37	24.83	19	12.75	DF = 6
46-64	116	57.42	59	29.20	27	13.37	DF = 6
Marital status							0.039
Unmarried	177	65.80	50	18.60	42	15.60	X² = 6.46
Married	276	59.36	125	26.88	64	13.76	DF = 2
Socio-economic position
Education level							0.023
Less than high school	101	61.97	44	26.99	18	11.04	X² = 11.33
High school	282	63.66	102	23.02	59	13.32	DF = 4
More than high school	66	54.10	27	22.13	29	23.77	DF = 4
Primary source of income							0.263
Social allowance/ other	77	68.14	25	22.12	11	9.74	X² = 2.65
Work	360	61.33	139	23.68	88	14.99	DF = 2
Employment status							0.545
Unemployed or part time	114	58.46	49	25.13	32	16.41	X² = 1.20
Full time employment	335	62.62	126	23.55	74	13.83	DF = 2
Health status
Chronic disease
No	337	66.34	1076	29.96	64	18.50	<0.001
Yes	117	51.54	8	21.06	42	12.60	X² = 14.56
							DF = 2
Anxiety^a	453	15.92 (4.40)	175	15.56 (4.21)	105	17.25 (4.21)	<0.001^b
							KW = 14.17
							DF = 2
Psychosocial factors
Stressful life events^a	454	0.76 (1.21)	175	0.81 (1.45)	106	0.88 (1.23)	0.440^b
							KW = 1.63
							DF = 2
Social support ^a	454	7.04 (4.35)	174	6.65 (4.62)	106	7.80 (4.15)	0.047^b
							KW = 6.11
							DF = 2

⃰ P value indicates the differences in the distribution of the variable of interest across the 3 levels of the stage of change
^aFor continuous variables, mean and standard deviation are presented
^bKruskal Wallis (KW) for these associations otherwise X² test

ISSN: 1471-2458