Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agustí AG, Jones PW, Vogelmeier C, Anzueto A, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(4):347–65. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Organization WHO. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/148114/1/9789241564854_eng.pdf?ua=1. 2014. Accessed 2 Nov 2017.
Rycroft CE, Heyes A, Lanza L, Becker K. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a literature review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2012;7:457–94. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S32330.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Viegi G, Pistelli F, Sherrill DL, Maio S, Baldacci S, Carrozzi L. Definition, epidemiology and natural history of COPD. Eur Respir J. 2007;30(5):993–1013.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee AL, Harrison SL, Goldstein RS, Brooks D. Pain and its clinical associations in individuals with COPD: a systematic review. Chest. 2015;147(5):1246–58. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-2690.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Dam van Isselt EF, Groenewegen-Sipkema KH, Spruit-van Eijk M, Chavannes NH, de Waal MWM, Janssen DJA, et al. Pain in patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2014;4(9):e005898–e. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005898.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Janssen DJA, Spruit MA, Uszko-Lencer NH, Schols JMGA, Wouters EFM. Symptoms, comorbidities, and health care in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic heart failure. J Palliat Med. 2011;14(6):735–43. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2010.0479.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Janssen D, Wouters E, Stakenborg K, Franssen F. Prevalence of thoracic pain in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and relationship with patient characteristics: a cross-sectional observational study. BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0210-8.
Pantilat S, O'Riordan D. Symptom severity among elderly hospitalized patients diagnosed with cancer, congestive heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (749). Pain Symptom Manage. 2011;41(1):302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.10.228.
Google Scholar
Borge CR, Wahl AK, Moum T. Pain and quality of life with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heart Lung. 2011;40(3):e90–e101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2010.10.009.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bentsen SB, Rustøen T, Miaskowski C. Prevalence and characteristics of pain in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to the norwegian general population. J Pain. 2011;12(5):539–45.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
HajGhanbari B, Garland SJ, Road JD, Reid WD. Pain and physical performance in people with COPD. Respir Med. 2013;107(11):1692–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2013.06.010.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
HajGhanbari B, Holsti L, Road JD, Darlene RW. Pain in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respir Med. 2012;106(7):998–1005.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roberts MH, Mapel DW, Hartry A, Von Worley A, Thomson H. Chronic pain and pain medication use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A cross-sectional study. Am Thorac Soc. 2013;10(4):290–8. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201303-040OC.
Article
Google Scholar
Kroenke K, Price RK. Symptoms in the community. Prevalence, classification, and psychiatric comorbidity. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153(21):2474–80.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fayaz A, Croft P, Langford RM, Donaldson LJ, Jones GT. Prevalence of chronic pain in the UK: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies. BMJ Open. 2016;6(6) https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010364.
Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain. 2006;10(4):287–333.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reid KJ, Harker J, Bala MM, Truyers C, Kellen E, Bekkering GE, et al. Epidemiology of chronic non-cancer pain in Europe: narrative review of prevalence, pain treatments and pain impact. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011;27(2):449–62. https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2010.545813.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Henschke N, Kamper SJ, Maher CG. The epidemiology and economic consequences of pain. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(1):139–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.09.010.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kennedy J, Roll JM, Schraudner T, Murphy S, McPherson S. Prevalence of persistent pain in the U.S. adult population: new data from the 2010 national health interview survey. J Pain. 2014;15(10):979–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2014.05.009.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hardt J, Jacobsen C, Goldberg J, Nickel R, Buchwald D. Prevalence of chronic pain in a representative sample in the United States. Pain Med. 2008;9(7):803–12.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krokstad S, Langhammer A, Hveem K, Holmen TL, Midthjell K, Stene TR, et al. Cohort profile: the HUNT study, Norway. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(4):968–77.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
HUNT. The Nord-Trøndelag health survey (the HUNT study). Norway: Norwegian University of Science and Technology. https://www.ntnu.edu/hunt/about-hunt. Accessed 24 Jan 2018.
Holmen J, Midhjell K, Krüger Ø, Langhammer A, Holmen T, Bratberg G. The Nord-Trøndelag health study 1995-97 (HUNT 2): objectives, contents, methods and participation. Norsk Epidemiol. 2003;13:19–22.
Google Scholar
Langhammer A, Krokstad S, Romundstad P, Heggland J, Holmen J. The HUNT study: participation is associated with survival and depends on socioeconomic status, diseases and symptoms. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2012;12:143.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Merskey H, Bogduk N. International Association for the Study of Pain task force on T. Classification of chronic pain : descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. 2nd ed. ed. Seattle: IASP Press; 1994.
Google Scholar
Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mykletun A, Stordal E, Dahl AA. Hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale: factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population. Br J Psychiatry. 2001;179:540–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Norway Statistics. Søk etter yrkeskode i Yrkeskatalogen [search for professional code in the professional directory]: Statistics Norway, http://www.ssb.no/a/yrke/; 2017. Accessed 11 Dec 2017
White IR, Royston P, Wood AM. Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice. Stat Med. 2011;30(4):377. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4067.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Neogi TF, D. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In: Wall PD, Melzack R, McMahon SB, editors. Wall and Melzack’s textbook of pain. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2013. p. 645–57.
Google Scholar
Barnes PJ, Celli BR. Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD. Eur Respir J. 2009;33(5):1165–85. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00128008.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Skillgate E, Magnusson C, Lundberg M, Hallqvist J. The age- and sex-specific occurrence of bothersome neck pain in the general population - results from the Stockholm public health cohort. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13(1):185–93. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-13-185.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fillingim RB, King CD, Ribeiro-Dasilva MC, Rahim-Williams B, Riley JL 3rd. Sex, gender, and pain: a review of recent clinical and experimental findings. J Pain. 2009;10(5):447–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2008.12.001.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sá KN, Baptista AF, Matos MA, Lessa Í. Chronic pain and gender in Salvador population. Brazil Pain. 2008;139(3):498–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2008.06.008.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bartley EJ, Fillingim RB. Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(1):52–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aet127.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Greenspan J, Traub RJ. Gender differences in pain and its relief. In: Wall PD, Melzack R, McMahon SB, editors. Wall and Melzack's textbook of pain. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2013. p. 221–31.
Google Scholar
Ruau D, Liu LY, Clark JD, Angst MS, Butte AJ. Sex differences in reported pain across 11,000 patients captured in electronic medical records. J Pain. 2012;13(3):228–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.11.002.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Christensen VL, Holm AM, Kongerud J, Bentsen SB, Paul SM, Miaskowski C, et al. Occurrence, characteristics, and predictors of pain in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pain Manag Nurs. 2016;17(2):107–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2016.01.002.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rosen S, Ham B, Mogil JS. Sex differences in neuroimmunity and pain. J Neurosci Res. 2017;95(1–2):500–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23831.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mogil JS. Sex differences in pain and pain inhibition: multiple explanations of a controversial phenomenon. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012;13(12):859–66. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3360.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Unruh AM. Gender variations in clinical pain experience. Pain. 1996;65(2–3):123–67.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carrieri-Kohlman V, Donesky-Cuenco D, Park SK, Mackin L, Nguyen HQ, Paul SM. Additional evidence for the affective dimension of dyspnea in patients with COPD. Res Nurs Health. 2010;33(1):4–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20359.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
von Leupoldt A, Sommer T, Kegat S, Baumann HJ, Klose H, Dahme B, et al. Dyspnea and pain share emotion-related brain network. NeuroImage. 2009;48(1):200–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.015.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aggarwal VR, Macfarlane TV, Macfarlane GJ. Why is pain more common amongst people living in areas of low socio-economic status? A population-based cross-sectional study. Bri Dent J. 2003;194(7):383.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Brekke M, Hjortdahl P, Kvien T. Severity of musculoskeletal pain: relations to socioeconomic inequality. Soc Sci Med. 2002;54(2):221–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, Watt G, Wyke S, Guthrie B. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2012;380(9836):37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60240-2.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(5):1256–76.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Weingarten TN, Shi Y, Mantilla CB, Hooten WM, Warner DO. Smoking and chronic pain: a real-but-puzzling relationship. Minn Med. 2011;94(3):35–7.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shi Y, Weingarten TN, Mantilla CB, Hooten WM, Warner DO. Smoking and pain: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Anesthesiology. 2010;113(4):977–92. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181ebdaf9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hiscock R, Bauld L, Amos A, Fidler JA, Munafò M. Socioeconomic status and smoking: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012;12481(1):107–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06202.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Leventhal AM, Piper ME, Japuntich SJ, Baker TB, Cook JW, Nezu AM. Anhedonia, depressed mood, and smoking cessation outcome. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2014;82(1):122–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035046.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hughes JR, Stead LF, Hartmann-Boyce J, Cahill K, Lancaster T. Antidepressants for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD000031. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000031.pub4.
Norway Statistics. Smoking habits 2017. https://www.ssb.no/helse/statistikker/royk. 2018. Accessed Jan 2018.
Geneen LJ, Moore RA, Clarke C, Martin D, Colvin LA, Smith BH. Physical activity and exercise for chronic pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;4:Cd011279. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011279.pub3.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Muggah E, Graves E, Bennett C, Manuel DG. Ascertainment of chronic diseases using population health data: a comparison of health administrative data and patient self-report. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-16.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar