Independent Variables | OR | CI 95% | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Disease group | ||||
 Arthritis | 2.81 | 2.47 | 3.20 | ≤ 0.001 |
 Heart diseases | 1.00 | 0.87 | 1.15 | 0.945 |
 Diabetes | 0.74 | 0.63 | 0.88 | 0.001 |
 No disease | 0.64 | 0.52 | 0.77 | ≤ 0.001 |
 COPD | reference |  |  | |
Sex | ||||
 Men | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.86 | < 0.001 |
 Female | reference | |||
Age, years | 1.07 | 1.05 | 1.09 | < 0.001 |
 Age squared | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | < 0.001 |
Housing | ||||
 Living with others | 1.05 | 0.97 | 1.13 | 0.196 |
 Living alone | reference |  |  |  |
Occupation | ||||
 With low educational requirements | 1.17 | 1.10 | 1.24 | < 0.001 |
 With high educational requirements | reference |  |  | |
Smoking habits | ||||
 Smoke daily | 1.30 | 1.22 | 1.37 | < 0.001 |
 Previous smoker | 1.38 | 1.28 | 1.49 | < 0.001 |
 Smoke occasionally | 1.18 | 1.06 | 1.32 | < 0.001 |
 Never smoke | reference |  |  | |
Exercise | ||||
 Less than once a week | 0.74 | 0.66 | 0.83 | < 0.001 |
 Once a week | 0.64 | 0.57 | 0.72 | < 0.001 |
 2–3 times a week | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.71 | < 0.001 |
 Nearly every day | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.72 | < 0.001 |
 Never | reference |  |  | |
Comorbidity | 1.75 | 1.48 | 2.07 | < 0.001 |
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) | ||||
 HADS anxiety score | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.09 | < 0.001 |
 HADS depression score | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.06 | < 0.001 |