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Table 2 Adjusted logistic regression of chronic pain in different disease groups (n = 33,955)

From: Reporting of pain by people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): comparative results from the HUNT3 population-based survey

Independent Variables

OR

CI 95%

p-value

Disease group

 Arthritis

2.81

2.47

3.20

≤ 0.001

 Heart diseases

1.00

0.87

1.15

0.945

 Diabetes

0.74

0.63

0.88

0.001

 No disease

0.64

0.52

0.77

≤ 0.001

 COPD

reference

  

Sex

 Men

0.81

0.77

0.86

< 0.001

 Female

reference

Age, years

1.07

1.05

1.09

< 0.001

 Age squared

0.99

0.99

0.99

< 0.001

Housing

 Living with others

1.05

0.97

1.13

0.196

 Living alone

reference

   

Occupation

 With low educational requirements

1.17

1.10

1.24

< 0.001

 With high educational requirements

reference

  

Smoking habits

 Smoke daily

1.30

1.22

1.37

< 0.001

 Previous smoker

1.38

1.28

1.49

< 0.001

 Smoke occasionally

1.18

1.06

1.32

< 0.001

 Never smoke

reference

  

Exercise

 Less than once a week

0.74

0.66

0.83

< 0.001

 Once a week

0.64

0.57

0.72

< 0.001

 2–3 times a week

0.63

0.56

0.71

< 0.001

 Nearly every day

0.63

0.56

0.72

< 0.001

 Never

reference

  

Comorbidity

1.75

1.48

2.07

< 0.001

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

 HADS anxiety score

1.08

1.06

1.09

< 0.001

 HADS depression score

1.05

1.04

1.06

< 0.001

  1. Significance is set at p ≤ 0.05