WHO (World Health Organization). World report on ageing and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
Google Scholar
Scrutton J, Sinclair D, Watson J, Hawkins M, Chong A.Public health responses to an ageing society - opportunities and challenges. http://www.cpa.org.uk/cpa-lga-evidence/ILC-UK/Scruttonetal,ILC-UK(2014)-Publichealthresponsestoanageingsociety.pdf. Accessed 16 May 2016.
Herrera AP, Snipes SA, King DW, Torres-Vigil I, Goldberg DS, Weinberg AD. Disparate inclusion of older adults in clinical trials: priorities and opportunities for policy and practice change. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(Suppl 1):S105–12.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Davies K, Collerton J, Jagger C, Bond J, Barker S, Edwards J, Hughes J, Hunt J, Robinson L. Engaging the oldest old in research: lessons from the Newcastle 85+ study. BMC Geriatr. 2010.
Pascucci MA, Chu N, Leasure AR. Health promotion for the oldest of old people. Nursing Older People. 2012;24(3):22–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
ONS (Office for National Statistics).National Population Projections. Older People. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationprojections/bulletins/nationalpopulationprojections/2015-10-29#older-people. Accessed 16 May 2016.
Jacelon CS. Older adults' participation in research. Nurs Res. 2007;14(4):64–73.
Article
Google Scholar
Gaertner B, Seitz I, Fuchs J, Busch MA, Holzhausen M, Martus P, Scheidt-Nave C. Baseline participation in a health examination survey of the population 65 years and older: who is missed and why? BMC geriatrics 2016.
Google Scholar
McMurdo ME, Roberts H, Parker S, Wyatt N, May H, Goodman C, Jackson S, Gladman J, O'Mahony S, Ali K, Dickinson E, Edison P, Dyer C. Improving recruitment of older people to research through good practice. Age Ageing. 2011;40(6):659–65.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Novak M. Issues in aging. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis; 2016.
Google Scholar
Theou O, Stathokostas L, Roland KP, Jakobi JM, Patterson C, Vandervoort AA, Jones GR. The effectiveness of exercise interventions for the management of frailty: a systematic review. J Aging Res. 2011;2011:569194.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sherrington C, Henschke N. Why does exercise reduce falls in older people? Unrecognised contributions to motor control and cognition? Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(12):730–1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Coleman D. Projections of the ethnic minority populations of the United Kingdom 2006-2056. Popul Dev Rev. 2010;36(3):441–86.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lai GY, Gary TL, Tilburt J, Bolen S, Baffi C, Wilson RF, Howerton MW, Gibbons MC, Tanpitukpongse TP, Powe NR, Bass EB, Ford JG. Effectiveness of strategies to recruit underrepresented populations into cancer clinical trials. Clin Trials (London, England). 2006;3(2):133–41.
Article
Google Scholar
Pinsky PF, Ford M, Gamito E, Higgins D, Jenkins V, Lamerato L, Tenorio S, Marcus PM, Gohagan JK. Enrollment of racial and ethnic minorities in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial. J Natl Med Assoc. 2008;100(3):291–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Katbamna S, Ahmad W, Bhakta P, Baker R, Parker G. Do they look after their own? Informal support for South Asian carers. Health Soc Care Community. 2004;12(5):398–406.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lashko G. Meeting the needs of black and minority ethnic communities. Housing Care Support. 2006;9(1):2–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Koshoedo SA, Paul-Ebhohimhen VA, Jepson RG, Watson MC. Understanding the complex interplay of barriers to physical activity amongst black and minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom: a qualitative synthesis using meta-ethnography. BMC Public Health. 2015:15(643).
Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, Watt G, Wyke S, Guthrie B. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. Lancet (London, England). 2012;380(9836):37–43.
Article
Google Scholar
Knechel NA. The challenges of enrolling older adults into intervention studies. Yale J Biol Med. 2013;86(1):41–7.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mills KM, Stewart AL, King AC, Roitz K, Sepsis PG, Ritter PL, Bortz IWM. Factors associated with enrollment of older adults into a physical activity promotion program. J Aging Health. 1996;8(1):96–113.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme).Qualitative research: Appraisal tool. 10 questions to help you make sense of a review. http://www.casp-uk.net/checklists. Accessed 2 Apr 2015.
Mays N, Pope C, Popay J. Systematically reviewing qualitative and quantitative evidence to inform management and policy-making in the health field. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(Suppl 1):6–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Popay J, Roberts H, Sowden A, Petticrew M, Araj L, Rodgers M, Britten N, Roen K, Duffy S. Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews. Draft Report from ESRC methods Programme. Lancaster: Institute for Health Research, University of Lancaster; 2004.
Google Scholar
Dyall L, Kepa M, Hayman K, Teh R, Moyes S, Broad JB, Kerse N. Engagement and recruitment of Māori and non-Māori people of advanced age to LiLACS NZ. Aust New Zealand J Public Health. 2013;37(2):124–31.
Article
Google Scholar
Ewart CV, Fearon NA, Lund ME, Martin B, Kirkland JL, Ritchie CS, Quatromoni PA, Silliman RA, Millen BE. Subject recruitment, retention and protocol feasibility in a prospective study of nutritional risk among urban, frail homebound elders. J Nutr Elder. 2001;21(1):1–21.
Article
Google Scholar
Coleman EA, Tyll L, LaCroix AZ, Allen C, Leveille SG, Wallace JI, Buchner DM, Grothaus LC, Wagner EH. Recruiting African-American older adults for a community-based health promotion intervention: which strategies are effective? Am J Prev Med. 1997;13(6 Suppl):51–6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arean P, Alvidrez J, Nery R, Estes C, Linkins K. Recruitment and retention of older minorities in mental health services research. The Gerontologist 2003.
MacEntee MI, Wyatt C, Kiyak HA, Hujoel PP, Persson RE, Persson GR, Powell LV. Response to direct and indirect recruitment for a randomised dental clinical trial in a multicultural population of elders. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002;30(5):377–81.
Carlson M, Jackson J, Mandel D, Blanchard J, Holguin J, Lai MY, Marterella A, Vigen C, Gleason S, Lam C, Azen S, Clark F. Predictors of retention among African American and Hispanic older adult research participants in the well elderly 2 randomized controlled trial. J Appl Gerontol. 2014;33(3):357–82.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stineman MG, Strumpf N, Kurichi JE, Charles J, Grisso JA, Jayadevappa R. Attempts to reach the oldest and frailest: recruitment, adherence, and retention of urban elderly persons to a falls reduction exercise program. Gerontologist. 2011;51(Suppl 1):S59–72.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ellish NJ, Scott D, Royak-Schaler R, Higginbotham EJ. Community-based strategies for recruiting older, African Americans into a behavioral intervention study. J Natl Med Assoc. 2009;101(11):1104–11.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sullivan-Marx EM, Mangione KK, Ackerson T, Sidorov I, Maislin G, Volpe SL, Craik R. Recruitment and retention strategies among older African American women enrolled in an exercise study at a PACE program. Gerontologist. 2011;51(Suppl 1):S73–81.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Walcott-McQuigg JA, Prohaska TR. Factors influencing participation of African American elders in exercise behavior. Public Health Nurs. 2001;18(3):194–203.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wilcox S, Oberrecht L, Bopp M, Kammermann S, McElmurray C. A qualitative study of exercise in older African American and white women in rural South Carolina: perceptions, barriers, and motivations. J Women Aging. 2005;17(1–2):37–53.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mathews A, Laditka S, Laditka J, Wilcox S, Corwin S, Liu R, Friedman D, Hunter R, Tseng W, Logsdon R. Older adults' perceived physical activity enablers and barriers: a multicultural perspective. J Aging Phys Act. 2010;18:119–40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Horne M, Skelton DA, Speed S, Todd C. Perceived barriers to initiating and maintaining physical activity among South Asian and white British adults in their 60s living in the United Kingdom: a qualitative study. Ethnicity Health. 2013;18(6):626–45.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holland CA, Everitt P, Johnson A, Devi R. The 'Healthy Passport' intervention with older people in an English urban environment: effects of incentives and peer-group organisers in promoting healthy living. Ageing Soc. 2008;28:525–49.
Article
Google Scholar
Prohaska TR, Walcott-Mcquigg J, Peters KE, Li M. Recruitment of older african americans into church-based exercise programs. J Ment Health Aging. 2000;6(1):53–66.
Google Scholar
Martinez IL, Kim K, Tanner E, Fried LP, Seeman T. Ethnic and class variations in promoting social activities among older adults. Act Adapt Aging. 2009;33(2):96–119.
Google Scholar
Manthorpe J, Iliffe S, Moriarty J, Cornes M, Clough R, Bright L, Rapaport J. 'We are not blaming anyone, but if we don't know about amenities, we cannot seek them out': black and minority older people's views on the quality of local health and personal social services in England. Ageing Soc. 2009;43(1):36–44.
Bynum SA, Davis JL, Green BL, Katz RV. Unwillingness to participate in colorectal cancer screening: examining fears, attitudes, and medical mistrust in an ethnically diverse sample of adults 50 years and older. Am J Health Promot. 2012;26(5):295–300.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Williams MP. Increasing participation in health promotion among older African-Americans. Am J Health Behav. 1996;20(6):389–99.
Google Scholar
Buijs R, Ross-Kerr J, Cousins SO, Wilson D. Promoting participation: evaluation of a health promotion program for low income seniors. J Community Health Nurs. 2003;20(2):93–107.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Forsman AK, Nordmyr J, Wahlbeck K. Psychosocial interventions for the promotion of mental health and the prevention of depression among older adults. Health Promot Int. 2011;26(Suppl 1):i85–107.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baert V, Gorus E, Mets T, Geerts C, Bautmans I. Motivators and barriers for physical activity in the oldest old: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev. 2011;10(4):464–74.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Child S, Goodwin V, Garside R, Jones-Hughes T, Boddy K, Stein K. Factors influencing the implementation of fall-prevention programmes: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies. Implementation science : IS. 2012;7:91.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Crombie IK, Irvine L, Williams B, McGinnis AR, Slane PW, Alder EM, McMurdo ME. Why older people do not participate in leisure time physical activity: a survey of activity levels, beliefs and deterrents. Age Ageing. 2004;33(3):287–92.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Macartney S, Bishaw A, Fontenot K.Poverty Rates for Selected Detailed Race and Hispanic Groups by State and Place: 2007–2011. https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acsbr11-17.pdf. Accessed 29 June 2016.
Noronha Nd.Ethnic disadvantage in the housing market: evidence from the 2011 census. http://www.better-housing.org.uk/sites/default/files/briefings/downloads/Housing%20Briefing%2026.pdf. Accessed 29 June 2016.
Trahan MA, Kuo J, Carlson MC, Gitlin LN. A systematic review of strategies to foster activity engagement in persons with dementia. Health Educ Behav. 2014;41(1 Suppl):70s–83s.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lennox N, Taylor M, Rey-Conde T, Bain C, Purdie DM, Boyle F. Beating the barriers: recruitment of people with intellectual disability to participate in research. Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR. 2005;49(Pt 4):296–305.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar