Chugh SS, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K, Singh D, Rienstra M, Benjamin EJ, Gillum RF, Kim YH, McAnulty JH Jr, Zheng ZJ, et al. Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a global burden of disease 2010 study. Circulation. 2014;129(8):837–47.
Article
Google Scholar
Heeringa J, van der Kuip DA, Hofman A, Kors JA, van Herpen G, Stricker BH, Stijnen T, Lip GY, Witteman JC. Prevalence, incidence and lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(8):949–53.
Article
Google Scholar
Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA, Chang Y, Henault LE, Selby JV, Singer DE. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) study. JAMA. 2001;285(18):2370–5.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zoni-Berisso M, Lercari F, Carazza T, Domenicucci S. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: European perspective. Clin Epidemiol. 2014;6:213–20.
Article
Google Scholar
Andersson T, Magnuson A, Bryngelsson IL, Frobert O, Henriksson KM, Edvardsson N, Poci D. All-cause mortality in 272,186 patients hospitalized with incident atrial fibrillation 1995-2008: a Swedish nationwide long-term case-control study. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(14):1061–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Kishore A, Vail A, Majid A, Dawson J, Lees KR, Tyrrell PJ, Smith CJ. Detection of atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2014;45(2):520–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Xu J, Luc JG, Phan K. Atrial fibrillation: review of current treatment strategies. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8(9):E886–900.
Article
Google Scholar
Alonso A, Norby FL. Predicting atrial fibrillation and its complications. Circ J. 2016;80(5):1061–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Albertsen IE, Rasmussen LH, Lane DA, Overvad TF, Skjoth F, Overvad K, Lip GY, Larsen TB. The impact of smoking on thromboembolism and mortality in patients with incident atrial fibrillation: insights from the Danish diet, Cancer, and health study. Chest. 2014;145(3):559–66.
Article
Google Scholar
Lip GY, Frison L, Halperin JL, Lane DA. Identifying patients at high risk for stroke despite anticoagulation: a comparison of contemporary stroke risk stratification schemes in an anticoagulated atrial fibrillation cohort. Stroke. 2010;41(12):2731–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B, Castella M, Diener HC, Heidbuchel H, Hendriks J, et al. 2016 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(38):2893–962.
Article
Google Scholar
Cheol Seong S, Kim YY, Khang YH, Heon Park J, Kang HJ, Lee H, Do CH, Song JS, Hyon Bang J, Ha S, et al. Data resource profile: the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(3):799–800.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Seong SC, Kim YY, Park SK, Khang YH, Kim HC, Park JH, Kang HJ, Do CH, Song JS, Lee EJ, et al. Cohort profile: the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) in Korea. BMJ Open. 2017;7(9):e016640.
Article
Google Scholar
Kim K, Park SM, Lee K. Weight gain after smoking cessation does not modify its protective effect on myocardial infarction and stroke: evidence from a cohort study of men. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(17):1523–31.
Article
Google Scholar
Son MK, Lim NK, Kim HW, Park HY. Risk of ischemic stroke after atrial fibrillation diagnosis: a national sample cohort. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0179687.
Article
Google Scholar
Kim TH, Yang PS, Uhm JS, Kim JY, Pak HN, Lee MH, Joung B, Lip GYH. CHA2DS2-VASc score (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age >/=75 [doubled], diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack [doubled], vascular disease, age 65-74, female) for stroke in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation: a Korean Nationwide sample cohort study. Stroke. 2017;48(6):1524–30.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Writing Group M, Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Das SR, de Ferranti S, Despres JP, et al. Heart disease and stroke Statistics-2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;133(4):e38–360.
Google Scholar
Quan H, Sundararajan V, Halfon P, Fong A, Burnand B, Luthi JC, Saunders LD, Beck CA, Feasby TE, Ghali WA. Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data. Med Care. 2005;43(11):1130–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Choi S, Kim K, Chang J, Kim SM, Koo HY, Jun JH, Cho MH, Lee K, Park SM. Effect of post-cessation hyperglycemia on cardiovascular disease and mortality among middle-aged men: an eight-year longitudinal study. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):16085.
Article
Google Scholar
Clair C, Rigotti NA, Porneala B, Fox CS, D'Agostino RB, Pencina MJ, Meigs JB. Association of smoking cessation and weight change with cardiovascular disease among adults with and without diabetes. JAMA. 2013;309(10):1014–21.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154(13):1449–57. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8018000.
Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Georgakopoulos D, Bull C, Thomas O, Robinson J, Deanfield JE. Cigarette smoking is associated with dose-related and potentially reversible impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young adults. Circulation. 1993;88(5 Pt 1):2149–55.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mayhan WG, Sharpe GM. Effect of cigarette smoke extract on arteriolar dilatation in vivo. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996;81(5):1996–2003.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ota Y, Kugiyama K, Sugiyama S, Ohgushi M, Matsumura T, Doi H, Ogata N, Oka H, Yasue H. Impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit aortas by cigarette smoke extract--role of free radicals and attenuation by captopril. Atherosclerosis. 1997;131(2):195–202.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Smith CJ, Fischer TH. Particulate and vapor phase constituents of cigarette mainstream smoke and risk of myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis. 2001;158(2):257–67.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Tracy RP, Psaty BM, Macy E, Bovill EG, Cushman M, Cornell ES, Kuller LH. Lifetime smoking exposure affects the association of C-reactive protein with cardiovascular disease risk factors and subclinical disease in healthy elderly subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17(10):2167–76.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bermudez EA, Rifai N, Buring JE, Manson JE, Ridker PM. Relation between markers of systemic vascular inflammation and smoking in women. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89(9):1117–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(10):1731–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Craig WY, Palomaki GE, Haddow JE. Cigarette smoking and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations: an analysis of published data. BMJ. 1989;298(6676):784–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Heitzer T, Yla-Herttuala S, Luoma J, Kurz S, Munzel T, Just H, Olschewski M, Drexler H. Cigarette smoking potentiates endothelial dysfunction of forearm resistance vessels in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Role of oxidized LDL. Circulation. 1996;93(7):1346–53.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
McCall MR, van den Berg JJ, Kuypers FA, Tribble DL, Krauss RM, Knoff LJ, Forte TM. Modification of LCAT activity and HDL structure. New links between cigarette smoke and coronary heart disease risk. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14(2):248–53.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Chelland Campbell S, Moffatt RJ, Stamford BA. Smoking and smoking cessation -- the relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: a review. Atherosclerosis. 2008;201(2):225–35.
Article
Google Scholar
Fusegawa Y, Goto S, Handa S, Kawada T, Ando Y. Platelet spontaneous aggregation in platelet-rich plasma is increased in habitual smokers. Thromb Res. 1999;93(6):271–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Barua RS, Ambrose JA, Saha DC, Eales-Reynolds LJ. Smoking is associated with altered endothelial-derived fibrinolytic and antithrombotic factors: an in vitro demonstration. Circulation. 2002;106(8):905–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Hughes JR, Carpenter MJ. Does smoking reduction increase future cessation and decrease disease risk? A qualitative review. Nicotine Tob Res. 2006;8(6):739–49.
Article
Google Scholar