Skip to main content
Download PDF

Evaluation of monkeypox knowledge and attitudes among Chinese medical students

BMC Public Health volume 24, Article number: 745 (2024) Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus and is increasingly recognized as a serious public health concern worldwide. Our aim was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of Chinese medical students regarding monkeypox.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 8,897 college students from China. An e-questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge (17 items), attitudes (12 items), and baseline criteria. The relationships between a range of factors and knowledge and attitudes were studied using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

A total of 79.33% of the study participants were female, 89.10% were of Han ethnicity, 72.50% were from rural areas, 50.39% were in their first year, and 80.65% were medical majors. A total of 50.88% had good knowledge of monkeypox, and 57.11% had a positive attitude towards monkeypox knowledge. Univariate analysis revealed that origin and major were the factors affecting the knowledge level of monkeypox among participants. Rural students had more knowledge of monkeypox than urban students, and nonmedical students had greater awareness of monkeypox than did medical students. Moreover, sex and grade were the factors influencing participants’ attitudes towards monkeypox; men had more positive attitudes than women did, and senior students had more positive attitudes than junior students did. Multivariate analysis revealed that major and the origin of the students independently influenced the monkeypox knowledge of Chinese medical students, while sex, grade and monkeypox knowledge were significantly related to attitudes towards monkeypox.

Conclusion

This study revealed that nearly half of the Chinese medical students had good knowledge and a positive attitude towards monkeypox. Student origin and major independently influenced the knowledge of Chinese medical students of monkeypox, while sex, grade and knowledge were independently related to the attitudes of Chinese medical students towards monkeypox.

Peer Review reports

Introduction

Monkeypox is a zoonotic infectious disease characterized by fever, rash, and lymph node enlargement caused by infection with the monkeypox virus [1,2,3,4]. It is one of the four recognized smallpox virus infections after the eradication of smallpox. The virus was first discovered in monkeys in 1958, and monkeypox virus was first isolated from a specimen of a suspected smallpox patient in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970; this case was the first confirmed case of human monkeypox [5, 6]. Before 2021, monkeypox was mainly endemic in Central and West Africa [7, 8] and was mainly transmitted through contact with infected animals, resulting in a short chain of human-to-human transmission and occasional spread to other countries and regions through family or travel. However, since May 2022, multiple countries worldwide have experienced outbreaks of monkeypox [9,10,11,12,13,14], and in July 2022, the World Health Organization declared the disease a public health emergency of international concern [15]. In addition, according to the literature, the mortality rate associated with monkeypox disease is as high as 10% [16]. Due to the high infectivity and mortality rate of monkeypox, timely measures are urgently needed to contain the epidemic.

As one of the most densely populated and complex places, universities have the potential to become venues for monkeypox transmission. As a special group, college students’ cognition, attitudes, and behaviours towards diseases not only determine their physical and mental health but also have an impact on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of the surrounding population. A cross-sectional study [17] involving 314 Saudi Arabian university students showed that the vast majority of medical students (72%) had poor knowledge of the monkeypox virus. Kumar et al. [18] conducted a cross-sectional survey on the knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, and willingness to vaccinate against monkeypox among 946 Pakistani university students and revealed that only 6.3% of the students had good knowledge of monkeypox and that only 20.5% had a positive attitude towards monkeypox. In addition, the study revealed significant correlations between monkeypox knowledge and students’ educational background, major, and region. These studies indicate that even though the current situation of monkeypox outbreaks abroad is severe, local college students still lack abundant knowledge and a positive attitude towards monkeypox, which may be one of the reasons why the foreign epidemic has not been effectively controlled.

Monkeypox disease is recognized as a national Class B management infectious disease in China. According to data from the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in August 2023, China reported 501 new confirmed cases of monkeypox, indicating that the monkeypox epidemic situation in China is not optimistic. To more precisely curb the development of the monkeypox epidemic, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among college students, aiming to clarify the current status of their knowledge and attitudes related to monkeypox and analyse the influencing factors, identify existing problems and weak links in epidemic prevention and control, and provide an important reference for universities to perform well in epidemic prevention and control work and relevant departments to develop precise prevention and control measures.

Methods

Study setting and duration

This was a cross-sectional online questionnaire survey involving students in three different grades at a public college in China. This public college, located in southern China, comprises 6 academies in a range of academic disciplines, including medicine, bioengineering, and computer science. Most of the students in this school are engaged in basic medical care, which makes our study area suitable for conducting research on such emerging public health issues.

The study period was from September 19, 2023, to November 1, 2023. We followed the STRE Guide during our research. Ethical approval was obtained from Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College of Science and Technology before the initiation of this study, and informed consent was obtained from all participants before the start of the investigation. The participants’ information was not disclosed.

After a careful quality review, a total of 8897 questionnaires were included in the research analysis.

Questionnaire

The e-questionnaire was modified and developed after expert discussion following an in-depth review of the relevant literature [19, 20]. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: the first part collected sociodemographic information about the participants, such as their sex, ethnic group, origin, grade and professional category; the second part included 17 questions assessing the students’ knowledge of monkeypox disease regarding its nature, transmission route, clinical performance and management; and the third part evaluated participants’ attitudes towards monkeypox infection using 12 questions, each with five options ranging from completely disagree to completely agree. The answers to the knowledge item (17 questions) were assigned as follows: “yes” was assigned 2 points, “uncertain” was assigned 1 point, and “no” was assigned 0 points. The highest score in the knowledge section was 34 points, and the higher the score was, the better the knowledge of monkeypox was. The answers to the attitude item (12 questions) were as follows: “strongly agree”, 5 points; “agree”, 4 points; “neutral”, 3 points; “disagree”, 2 points; and “strongly disagree”, 1 point. The highest possible score for attitude-related questions was 60 points, with a higher score indicating a more positive attitude towards monkeypox.

First, a small-scale survey (81 copies) was conducted. The data showed that the Cronbach’s α coefficients of knowledge and attitude were 0.734 and 0.781, respectively, indicating good internal consistency of the questionnaire. We subsequently conducted a formal survey, and after the questionnaire was collected, our investigators checked the completeness, internal consistency and rationality of the questionnaire. Before the statistical analysis, we conducted strict quality control on the questionnaire to obtain an effective questionnaire. The data deletion criteria were as follows: (1) incomplete data; (2) data anomalies, including the selection of all the same options and the selection of options in order or not logically; and (3) a less than 90-second answer time. After a careful quality review, a total of 8897 questionnaires were included in the research analysis.

Statistical analyses

Raosoft’s sample size calculator was used to calculate the minimum sample size. The confidence level was 95%, and the acceptable margin of error was 5%. The response rate was expected to reach 50%. As of September 2023, the number of college students in China was 44.3 million. Therefore, the sample size n was calculated as follows: x = Z(c/100) 2r(100-r), n = N x/(N-1)E2 + x), where N is the population size, r is the fraction of the response, and Z(c/100) is the critical value of confidence level c [21]. Moreover, we expected this study to have an invalid questionnaire rate of 20% and ultimately calculated the minimum sample size needed to include at least 482 individuals.

The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics v25.0. After Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (P < 0.05), combined with histogram and Q-Q plot (Additional file: Fig S1-S4), knowledge and attitude scores do not obey normal distribution. Continuous data are presented as medians and interquartile ranges (Ms and IQRs), and categorical data are expressed as frequencies and percentages (N, %). Before performing the exploratory factor analysis, factorability was assessed using both the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) test and Bartlett’s test of sphericity. Knowledge and attitude scores were classified according to the median. Participants who scored 28 points above the median were considered to have good knowledge, while those who scored less than or equal to the median were considered to have poor knowledge. Similarly, participants who scored above the median value of 46 were considered to have a positive attitude, while those who scored below or equal to the median were considered to have a negative attitude. Differential analysis was performed using the chi-square test, and a logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. P < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.

Results

Basic characteristics of the respondents

Table 1 presents the basic characteristics of the 8,897 college students included in this questionnaire survey. The main students who participated in the questionnaire survey were female (79.33%) and were of Han ethnicity (89.10%), and more students came from rural areas (72.50%). Of the students who participated in the survey, 50.39% were in their freshman year, 30.71% were in their sophomore year, and 18.91% were in their junior year. Among the respondents, 80.65% were medical majors, and the others were nonmedical majors (19.35%).

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the respondents
Full size table

Knowledge about monkeypox

The Cronbach’s α of monkeypox knowledge was 0.734, the KMO was 0.822, and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity P < 0.001 indicated that the scale had good reliability and validity. The median monkeypox knowledge score was 28 (25, 32). Participants had good knowledge of the nature, management, and clinical manifestations of monkeypox disease. However, 32.20% of the students were still unsure whether the monkeypox vaccine was available, 26.45% were unsure that monkeypox could be transmitted through food, and 22.70% were uncertain that monkeypox infection could be prevented by wearing condoms during sexual activity (Table 2). Overall, 50.88% of the participants had good knowledge of monkeypox.

Table 2 Knowledge of medical students about monkeypox (N = 8897)
Full size table

Attitude towards monkeypox

The Cronbach’s α of the attitude scale was 0.781, the KMO was 0.865, and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity P < 0.001 indicated that the scale had good reliability and validity. Overall, 57.11% of participants had a positive attitude towards monkeypox, with a median attitude score of 46 (42, 49). A total of 59.68% of the students strongly agreed that “I should know more about monkeypox disease”; 59.32% of the students strongly agreed that “I should take some preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of monkeypox”; 58.27% of the students strongly agreed that “the government should fully provide monkeypox prevention and control measures to local residents”; 52.52% of the students strongly agreed that “if there is a monkeypox vaccine, I will choose to get vaccinated”; and nearly half of the students strongly agreed that “medical workers should test for infection after contact with monkeypox patients”. Conversely, approximately one-third of the students strongly disagreed that “I can reach out to a family member or friend infected with monkeypox” (Table 3).

Table 3 Attitudes of medical students about monkeypox (n = 8897)
Full size table

Associations between baseline characteristics and knowledge and attitudes towards monkeypox

Table 4 shows the relationships between baseline characteristics and monkeypox knowledge and attitudes. Univariate analysis revealed that origin and major affected the knowledge level of monkeypox among participants. Rural students had more knowledge of monkeypox than urban students, and nonmedical students were more aware of this topic than medical students were; however, sex, ethnicity and grade were not significantly related to monkeypox knowledge grouping. Moreover, sex and grade were found to be factors influencing participants’ attitudes towards monkeypox; men had more positive attitudes than women did, and senior students had more positive attitudes than junior students did. However, there were no significant differences in the attitudes towards monkeypox according to ethnicity, place of origin or major.

Table 4 Associations between student characteristics and knowledge and attitudes towards monkeypox based on univariate analysis
Full size table

Predictors of knowledge and attitudes towards monkeypox

A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors influencing students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards monkeypox. As shown in Table 5, students from rural areas were more likely to have better knowledge of monkeypox than students from urban areas were (OR = 1.168, 95% CI = 1.064–1.282). Compared with students in other majors, students majoring in clinical medicine were more likely to have better knowledge of monkeypox (OR = 1.156, 95% CI = 1.040–1.285). With regard to attitudes towards monkeypox, females were 1.307 times (95% CI: 1.175–1.455) more likely to have a positive attitude towards monkeypox than males were, while second-year and third-year college students were less likely to have a positive attitude towards monkeypox than first-year students were (OR = 0.768, 95% CI: 0.696–0.847; OR = 0.849, 95% CI: 0.757–0.953). In addition, students with good knowledge of monkeypox were 1.961 times more likely to have a positive attitude towards monkeypox than were those with poor knowledge of monkeypox (OR = 1.961, 95% CI = 1.8000-2.136).

Table 5 Predictors of college students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards monkeypox based on multilevel logistic regression models
Full size table

Discussion

This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of 8897 Chinese medical students regarding monkeypox and identified factors that influenced their knowledge and attitudes towards this topic. Students from rural areas who majored in clinical medicine were more likely to have good knowledge of monkeypox. In terms of attitudes towards monkeypox, women’s attitudes towards monkeypox were positive. First-year students were more likely to be positive about monkeypox than older students were, which may be due to the school’s health education lecture on monkeypox and AIDS for first-year students in September 2023. In addition, monkeypox knowledge was positively associated with positive attitudes towards monkeypox. The analysis results of this study showed that the mastery and attitudes of Chinese medical students regarding monkeypox knowledge were not ideal, and the proportions of students with good knowledge of monkeypox and positive attitudes towards monkeypox were 50.88% and 57.11%, respectively. Studies have shown that the knowledge of monkeypox among doctors and nurses is 55% and 57.97% [22, 23], respectively, indicating that the knowledge of monkeypox among medical students is lower than that among doctors and nurses. This finding is consistent with previous findings. A study [20] evaluating the knowledge and attitudes of medical students from 27 countries on three continents showed that 55.3% of the students had good knowledge of monkeypox and that 51.7% of the medical students had positive attitudes towards monkeypox. However, another study [18] among 946 Pakistani medical students showed that only 6.3% of students had good knowledge of monkeypox, and 20.5% had a positive attitude towards monkeypox, which may have been closely related to the type of education and specialty of the respondents. The above studies show that current medical students have relatively little knowledge of monkeypox and lack enthusiasm for gaining this knowledge.

The situation of the monkeypox outbreak in China is also not optimistic. A study [24] based on a community in Shenzhen, China, showed that only approximately half of the general population had a high awareness of monkeypox (56.5%) and related symptoms (49.7%), and only approximately one-third (37.1%) expressed high concern about monkeypox. The lack of adequate awareness and positive attitudes among citizens regarding monkeypox may also explain why the monkeypox outbreak has not been effectively controlled. It is necessary to implement highly effective and targeted measures to contain the monkeypox outbreak, especially for college students. Our study fills the gap in the knowledge and understanding of the attitudes of domestic college students towards monkeypox and clarifies the relevant influencing factors of these to provide a direction for targeted interventions to curb the spread of monkeypox in China.

Strengths and limitations of this study

This study is the first to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of Chinese medical students and identify the factors affecting monkeypox knowledge and attitudes, providing a theoretical basis for formulating effective strategies for preventing and controlling monkeypox epidemics at the school level in China. In addition, the research population was composed mainly of medical students, who are the main source of primary medical and health care personnel in China in the future. This information is highly important for effectively improving the ability of grassroots doctors to respond to health emergencies and reduce harm from public health emergencies. However, this study has the following limitations. First, the questionnaire respondents were mainly from a public university in Chongqing, and there was a certain selection bias. However, college students come from all over the country, and they also work all over the country after graduation, which to a certain extent represents the current situation of the knowledge and attitudes of college students towards monkeypox across the country. Second, the research data relied on self-reports from respondents, and there may have been some information bias. However, the questionnaires we collected were carefully reviewed to ensure the accuracy of the findings. Finally, in September 2023, this medical college conducted a lecture on monkeypox and AIDS for first-year students; our survey revealed that first-year students had more positive attitudes towards monkeypox than senior students did, which also provides theoretical support for follow-up health education for college students.

Conclusions

This study revealed that nearly half of the Chinese medical students had good knowledge and a positive attitude towards monkeypox. Student origin and major independently influenced the knowledge of Chinese medical students of monkeypox, while sex, grade and knowledge were independently related to the attitudes of Chinese medical students towards monkeypox.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during this survey are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

References

  1. McCollum AM, Damon IK. Human monkeypox. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(2):260–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ricco M, Ferraro P, Camisa V, Satta E, Zaniboni A, Ranzieri S, Baldassarre A, Zaffina S, Marchesi F. When a neglected Tropical Disease goes Global: knowledge, attitudes and practices of Italian Physicians towards Monkeypox, preliminary results. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022, 7(7).

  3. Gong Q, Wang C, Chuai X, Chiu S. Monkeypox virus: a re-emergent threat to humans. Virol Sin. 2022;37(4):477–82.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Jezek Z, Grab B, Szczeniowski M, Paluku KM, Mutombo M. Clinico-epidemiological features of monkeypox patients with an animal or human source of infection. Bull World Health Organ. 1988;66(4):459–64.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Ladnyj ID, Ziegler P, Kima E. A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bull World Health Organ. 1972;46(5):593–7.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Breman JG, Kalisa R, Steniowski MV, Zanotto E, Gromyko AI, Arita I. Human monkeypox, 1970-79. Bull World Health Organ. 1980;58(2):165–82.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Kalthan E, Tenguere J, Ndjapou SG, Koyazengbe TA, Mbomba J, Marada RM, Rombebe P, Yangueme P, Babamingui M, Sambella A, et al. Investigation of an outbreak of monkeypox in an area occupied by armed groups, Central African Republic. Med Mal Infect. 2018;48(4):263–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Hoff NA, Doshi RH, Colwell B, Kebela-Illunga B, Mukadi P, Mossoko M, Spencer D, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Okitolonda-Wemakoy E, Lloyd-Smith J et al. Evolution of a Disease Surveillance System: an increase in reporting of Human Monkeypox Disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2001–2013. Int J Trop Dis Health 2017, 25(2).

  9. Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, Lienert F, Weidenthaler H, Baer LR, Steffen R. The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(2):e0010141.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Beer EM, Rao VB. A systematic review of the epidemiology of human monkeypox outbreaks and implications for outbreak strategy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(10):e0007791.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Ghazy RM, Hammad EM, Hall MA, Mahboob A, Zeina S, Elbanna EH, Fadl N, Abdelmoneim SA, ElMakhzangy R, Hammad HM, et al. How can imported monkeypox break the borders? A rapid systematic review. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2023;92:101923.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Erez N, Achdout H, Milrot E, Schwartz Y, Wiener-Well Y, Paran N, Politi B, Tamir H, Israely T, Weiss S, et al. Diagnosis of Imported Monkeypox, Israel, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25(5):980–3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Ng OT, Lee V, Marimuthu K, Vasoo S, Chan G, Lin RTP, Leo YS. A case of imported Monkeypox in Singapore. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(11):1166.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Al Awaidy ST, Khamis F, Sallam M, Ghazy RM, Zaraket H. Monkeypox (mpox) outbreak: more queries posed as cases soar globally. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2023;23(1):1–4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Sallam M, Al-Mahzoum K, Al-Tammemi AB, Alkurtas M, Mirzaei F, Kareem N, Al-Naimat H, Jardaneh L, Al-Majali L, AlHadidi A et al. Assessing Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge and Their Confidence in the Diagnosis and Management of Human Monkeypox: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Middle Eastern Country. Healthc (Basel) 2022, 10(9).

  16. Nakazawa Y, Mauldin MR, Emerson GL, Reynolds MG, Lash RR, Gao J, Zhao H, Li Y, Muyembe JJ, Kingebeni PM, et al. A phylogeographic investigation of African monkeypox. Viruses. 2015;7(4):2168–84.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Alshahrani NZ, Mitra S, Alkuwaiti AA, Alhumam MN, Altmimi SMB, Alamri MHM, Albalawi ZAS, Almorgi MW, Alharbi HKD, Alshahrani SM. Medical students’ perception regarding the re-emerging Monkeypox Virus: an Institution-based cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2022;14(8):e28060.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Kumar N, Ahmed F, Raza MS, Rajpoot PL, Rehman W, Khatri SA, Mohammed M, Muhammad S, Ahmad R. Monkeypox Cross-sectional Survey of Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and willingness to Vaccinate among University students in Pakistan. Vaccines (Basel) 2022, 11(1).

  19. Lulli LG, Baldassarre A, Mucci N, Arcangeli G. Prevention, risk exposure, and knowledge of Monkeypox in Occupational settings: a scoping review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022, 7(10).

  20. Abd ElHafeez S, Gebreal A, Khalil MA, Youssef N, Sallam M, Elshabrawy A, Abdel-Rahman S, Mahboob AS, Yazbek S, Elbanna EH, et al. Assessing disparities in medical students’ knowledge and attitude about monkeypox: a cross-sectional study of 27 countries across three continents. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1192542.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Dong C, Yu Z, Zhao Y, Ma X. Knowledge and vaccination intention of monkeypox in China’s general population: a cross-sectional online survey. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2023;52:102533.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Alshahrani NZ, Algethami MR, Alarifi AM, Alzahrani F, Alshehri EA, Alshehri AM, Sheerah HA, Abdelaal A, Sah R, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Knowledge and attitude regarding Monkeypox Virus among Physicians in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022, 10(12).

  23. Rony MKK, Sharmi PD, Akter D, Parvin MR, Alamgir HM. Knowledge and attitude regarding human monkeypox virus infection among nurses: a cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Nurs. 2023;9:23779608231216619.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Ren F, Liu J, Miao J, Xu Y, Zhang R, Fan J, Lin W. Public awareness, specific knowledge, and worry about mpox (monkeypox): a preliminary community-based study in Shenzhen, China. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1077564.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the staff of at Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College who helped to contact the students, and to the students who participated in this study.

Funding

This work was supported by the Study on health education needs and practice of respiratory infectious diseases prevention and control in the rural elderly in Wanzhou District (XJ2022000803).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Liliang Yu and Yan Shen share first authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China

    Liliang Yu, Yan Shen, Min Liu & Daikun Zheng

  2. Wanzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China

    Junchun Ma

  3. Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China

    Jiang Long

Authors
  1. Liliang Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yan Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Min Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Junchun Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jiang Long
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Daikun Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

LLY and YS drafted the manuscript. LLY, DKZ, JCM and JL conceptualised the study. JCM, YS and ML performed the statistical analyses. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daikun Zheng.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study involving participants was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College of Science &Technology (No:SXYZ-H-2311-0001), and the researchers received the informed consent of the subjects involved in this study. All procedures were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yu, L., Shen, Y., Liu, M. et al. Evaluation of monkeypox knowledge and attitudes among Chinese medical students. BMC Public Health 24, 745 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18259-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18259-6

Keywords

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us