Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett R, Anderson HR, Frostad J, Estep K, et al. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the global burden of diseases study 2015. Lancet. 2017;389(10082):1907–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Franklin BA, Brook R, Arden Pope C, 3rd. Air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2015;40(5):207–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2015.01.003.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hoek G, Krishnan RM, Beelen R, Peters A, Ostro B, Brunekreef B, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review. Environ Health. 2013;12(1):43. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-12-43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ueda P, Woodward M, Lu Y, Hajifathalian K, al-Wotayan R, Aguilar-Salinas CA, et al. Laboratory-based and office-based risk scores and charts to predict 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in 182 countries: a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts and health surveys. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(3):196–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30015-3.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wu J, Cheng X, Qiu L, Xu T, Zhu G, Han J, et al. Prevalence and clustering of major cardiovascular risk factors in China: a recent cross-sectional survey. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(10):e2712. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002712.
Article
Google Scholar
Puett RC, Hart JE, Schwartz J, Hu FB, Liese AD, Laden F. Are particulate matter exposures associated with risk of type 2 diabetes? Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119(3):384–9. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002344.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Qiu H, Schooling CM, Sun S, Tsang H, Yang Y, Lee RSY, et al. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution and type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly: a cohort study in Hong Kong. Environ Int. 2018;113:350–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.01.008.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wallwork RS, Colicino E, Zhong J, Kloog I, Coull BA, Vokonas P, et al. Ambient fine particulate matter, outdoor temperature, and risk of metabolic syndrome. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185(1):30–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kww157.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Huang K, Yang X, Liang F, Liu F, Li J, Xiao Q, et al. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and hypertension incidence in China. Hypertension. 2019;73(6):1195–201. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12666.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wu XM, et al. Associations between fine particulate matter and changes in lipids/lipoproteins among midlife women. Sci Total Environ. 2019;654:1179–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.149.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mao S, Chen G, Liu F, Li N, Wang C, Liu Y, et al. Long-term effects of ambient air pollutants to blood lipids and dyslipidemias in a Chinese rural population. Environ Pollut. 2020;256:113403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113403.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yang, Z., Song Q., Li J., Zhang Y., Air Pollution as a Cause of Obesity: Micro-Level Evidence from Chinese Cities. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019. 16(21), 16, 21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214296.
Yang BY, Guo Y, Markevych I, Qian Z(M), Bloom MS, Heinrich J, et al. Association of Long-term Exposure to ambient air pollutants with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in China. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(3):e190318. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0318.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Shaffer Rachel M, et al. Improving and Expanding Estimates of the Global Burden of Disease Due to Environmental Health Risk Factors. Environmental Health Perspectives. 127(10):105001.
Kan H, London SJ, Chen G, Zhang Y, Song G, Zhao N, et al. Season, sex, age, and education as modifiers of the effects of outdoor air pollution on daily mortality in Shanghai, China: the public health and air pollution in Asia (PAPA) study. Environ Health Perspect. 2008;116(9):1183–8. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10851.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Agardh E, Allebeck P, Hallqvist J, Moradi T, Sidorchuk A. Type 2 diabetes incidence and socio-economic position: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(3):804–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr029.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lin H, Guo Y, Zheng Y, di Q, Liu T, Xiao J, et al. Long-term effects of ambient PM (2.5) on hypertension and blood pressure and attributable risk among older Chinese adults. Hypertension. 2017;69(5):806–12. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08839.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liu C, Chen R, Zhao Y, Ma Z, Bi J, Liu Y, et al. Associations between ambient fine particulate air pollution and hypertension: a nationwide cross-sectional study in China. Sci Total Environ. 2017;584-585:869–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.133.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Liu C, Yang C, Zhao Y, Ma Z, Bi J, Liu Y, et al. Associations between long-term exposure to ambient particulate air pollution and type 2 diabetes prevalence, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in China. Environ Int. 2016;92-93:416–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.028.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Yang Y, et al. Ambient fine particulate pollution associated with diabetes mellitus among the elderly aged 50 years and older in China. Environ Pollut. 2018;243(Pt B):815–23.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhang N, Yang X, Zhu X, Zhao B, Huang T, Ji Q. Type 2 diabetes mellitus unawareness, prevalence, trends and risk factors: National Health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999-2010. J Int Med Res. 2017;45(2):594–609. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060517693178.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
He J. Hypertension in China: a large and increasing public health challenge. J Hypertens. 2016;34(1):29–31. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000818.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gan W, Liu Y, Luo KH, Liang SS, Wang H, Li M, et al. The prevalence change of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia and the effectiveness of yearly physical examinations: an eight-year study in Southwest China. Lipids Health Dis. 2018;17(1):70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-018-0724-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Pan L, Wan S, Yi H, Yang F, He H, et al. Increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in Yi farmers and migrants from 2007 to 2015 in China: the Yi migrant study. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):659. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5577-4.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Xu T, Zhu G, Liu J, Han S. Gender-specific prevalence and associated risk factors of high normal blood pressure and hypertension among multi-ethnic Chinese adolescents aged 8–18 years old. Blood Press. 2015;24(3):189–95. https://doi.org/10.3109/08037051.2015.1025474.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wu, J., Qiu L., Cheng X.Q., Xu T., Wu W., Zeng X.J., Ye Y.C., Guo X.Z., Cheng Q., Liu Q., Liu L., Xu C.L., Zhu G.J., Hyperuricemia and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in the Chinese adult population. Sci Rep, 2017. 7(1), 7, 1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05751-w.
Li, D.-D., Xu T., Cheng X.Q., Wu W., Ye Y.C., Guo X.Z., Cheng Q., Liu Q., Liu L., Zhu G.J., Wu J., Qiu L., Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Levels are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in China: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Sci Rep, 2018. 8(1), 8, 1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34913-7.
van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Brauer M, Boys BL. Use of satellite observations for long-term exposure assessment of global concentrations of fine particulate matter. Environ Health Perspect. 2015;123(2):135–43. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408646.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Li C, Burnett RT. Regional estimates of chemical composition of fine particulate matter using a combined geoscience-statistical method with information from satellites, models, and monitors. Environ Sci Technol. 2019;53(5):2595–611. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06392.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
World Health Organization, O. and T. Environmental Health, WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide : global update 2005 : summary of risk assessment. 2006, World Health Organization: Geneva.
Lao XQ, Guo C, Chang LY, Bo Y, Zhang Z, Chuang YC, et al. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM (2.5)) and incident type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal cohort study. Diabetologia. 2019;62(5):759–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4825-1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liang F, Yang X, Liu F, Li J, Xiao Q, Chen J, et al. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and incidence of diabetes in China: a cohort study. Environ Int. 2019;126:568–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.069.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li CY, et al. Association Between Long-term Exposure to PM2.5 and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Taiwan: A National Retrospective Cohort Study. Epidemiology. 2019;30(Suppl 1):S67–s75.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Coogan PF, White LF, Jerrett M, Brook RD, Su JG, Seto E, et al. Air pollution and incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in black women living in Los Angeles. Circulation. 2012;125(6):767–72. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.052753.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Park SK, Adar SD, O'Neill MS, Auchincloss AH, Szpiro A, Bertoni AG, et al. Long-term exposure to air pollution and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a multiethnic cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2015;181(5):327–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwu280.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chen H, Burnett RT, Kwong JC, Villeneuve PJ, Goldberg MS, Brook RD, et al. Risk of incident diabetes in relation to long-term exposure to fine particulate matter in Ontario. Canada Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(7):804–10. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205958.
Chen H, Burnett RT, Kwong JC, Villeneuve PJ, Goldberg MS, Brook RD, et al. Spatial association between ambient fine particulate matter and incident hypertension. Circulation. 2014;129(5):562–9. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003532.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee S, Park H, Kim S, Lee EK, Lee J, Hong YS, et al. Fine particulate matter and incidence of metabolic syndrome in non-CVD patients: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019;222(3):533–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.01.010.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rotko T, et al. Sociodemographic descriptors of personal exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in EXPOLIS Helsinki. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2000;10(4):385–93. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500104.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Samal D, Greisenegger S, Auff E, Lang W, Lalouschek W. The relation between knowledge about hypertension and education in hospitalized patients with stroke in Vienna. Stroke. 2007;38(4):1304–8. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000259733.43470.27.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pickering T. Cardiovascular pathways: socioeconomic status and stress effects on hypertension and cardiovascular function. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;896(1):262–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08121.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Weinmayr G, et al. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a cohort study: effects of total and traffic-specific air pollution. Environ Health. 2015;14(1):53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-015-0031-x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Strak M, Janssen N, Beelen R, Schmitz O, Karssenberg D, Houthuijs D, et al. Associations between lifestyle and air pollution exposure: potential for confounding in large administrative data cohorts. Environ Res. 2017;156:364–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.050.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim YJ. The long-run effect of education on obesity in the US. Econ Hum Biol. 2016;21:100–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2015.12.003.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
de Bont J, Casas M, Barrera-Gómez J, Cirach M, Rivas I, Valvi D, et al. Ambient air pollution and overweight and obesity in school-aged children in Barcelona. Spain Environ Int. 2019;125:58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.048.
Yang BY, Qian Z, Howard SW, Vaughn MG, Fan SJ, Liu KK, et al. Global association between ambient air pollution and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Pollut. 2018;235:576–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.001.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
He D, Wu S, Zhao H, Qiu H, Fu Y, Li X, et al. Association between particulate matter 2.5 and diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Diabetes Investig. 2017;8(5):687–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12631.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lewington S, Li L, Sherliker P, Guo Y, Millwood I, Bian Z, et al. Seasonal variation in blood pressure and its relationship with outdoor temperature in 10 diverse regions of China: the China Kadoorie biobank. J Hypertens. 2012;30(7):1383–91. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835465b5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Su D, du H, Zhang X, Qian Y, Chen L, Chen Y, et al. Season and outdoor temperature in relation to detection and control of hypertension in a large rural Chinese population. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(6):1835–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu158.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Yang W, Lu J, Weng J, Jia W, Ji L, Xiao J, et al. Prevalence of diabetes among men and women in China. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(12):1090–101. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0908292.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lu J, Lu Y, Wang X, Li X, Linderman GC, Wu C, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China: data from 1·7 million adults in a population-based screening study (China PEACE million persons project). Lancet. 2017;390(10112):2549–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32478-9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Opoku S, Gan Y, Fu W, Chen D, Addo-Yobo E, Trofimovitch D, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for dyslipidemia among adults in rural and urban China: findings from the China National Stroke Screening and prevention project (CNSSPP). BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1500. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7827-5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hu L, Huang X, You C, Li J, Hong K, Li P, et al. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and obesity-related risk factors in southern China. PLoS One. 2017;12(9):e0183934. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183934.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Pan L, Wan S, Yi H, Yang F, He H, et al. Association of socioeconomic status and overweight/obesity in rural-to-urban migrants: different effects by age at arrival. Front Public Health. 2020;8:622941. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.622941.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Miao J, Wu X. Urbanization, socioeconomic status and health disparity in China. Health Place. 2016;42:87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.09.008.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chuang KJ, Yan YH, Chiu SY, Cheng TJ. Long-term air pollution exposure and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among the elderly in Taiwan. Occup Environ Med. 2011;68(1):64–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.052704.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yang BY, Bloom MS, Markevych I, Qian Z(M), Vaughn MG, Cummings-Vaughn LA, et al. Exposure to ambient air pollution and blood lipids in adults: the 33 communities Chinese health study. Environ Int. 2018;119:485–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.016.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim JS, Chen Z, Alderete TL, Toledo-Corral C, Lurmann F, Berhane K, et al. Associations of AIR pollution, obesity and cardiometabolic health in young adults: the Meta-AIR study. Environ Int. 2019;133(Pt A):105180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105180.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wang C, Wei D, Wang B, Zhang J, Zhang K, Ma M, et al. Effect of lifestyle on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among farmers, migrants with Yi ethnicity and Han population in Sichuan province of China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2010;19(2):266–73.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ruixing Y, Fengping H, Shangling P, Dezhai Y, Weixiong L, Tangwei L, et al. Prevalence of hyperlipidemia and its risk factors for the middle-aged and elderly in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. J Investig Med. 2006;54(4):191–200. https://doi.org/10.2310/6650.2006.05050.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hamanaka RB, Mutlu GM. Particulate matter air pollution: effects on the cardiovascular system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:680. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00680.
Article
Google Scholar
Zhang T, et al. Exposure to PM2.5 affects blood lipid levels in asthmatic rats through notch signaling pathway. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18(1):160.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Li R, et al. Sex-dependent effects of ambient PM2.5 pollution on insulin sensitivity and hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2020;17(1):14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar