Alkenbrack Batteh SE, Forsythe S, Martin G, Chettra T. Confirming the impact of HIV/AIDS epidemics on household vulnerability in Asia: the case of Cambodia. AIDS. 2008;22(Suppl 1):S103–11.
Article
Google Scholar
Enrico L, Bernhard S. The impact of HIV/AIDS on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. South African Journal of Economics. 2009;77(2):245–56.
Article
Google Scholar
Gardner LK, Lee SH. The Impact of HIV/AIDS on health capital and economic growth: A panel study of 38 countries from 1999–2005. International Journal of Management. 2010;27(1):153–161,201.
Google Scholar
Guo Y, Li X, Sherr L. The impact of HIV/AIDS on children's educational outcome: a critical review of global literature. AIDS Care. 2012;24(8):993–1012.
Article
Google Scholar
Ji G, Li L, Lin C, Sun S. The impact of HIV/AIDS on families and children - a study in China. AIDS. 2007;21:S157–61.
Article
Google Scholar
Oramasionwu CU, Daniels KR, Labreche MJ, Frei CR. The environmental and social influences of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: a focus on rural communities. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8(7):2967–79.
Article
Google Scholar
Ssengonzi R. The impact of HIV/AIDS on the living arrangements and well-being of elderly caregivers in rural Uganda. AIDS Care. 2009;21(3):309–14.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wig N, Lekshmi R, Pal H, Ahuja V, Mittal CM, Agarwal SK. The impact of HIV/AIDS on the quality of life: a cross sectional study in North India. Indian J Med Sci. 2006;60(1):3–12.
Article
Google Scholar
Basic statistics [https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/ataglance.html].
Singer M. A dose of drugs, a tough of violence, a case of AIDS: Conceptualiziong the SAVA syndemic. Free Inquiry. 1996;24(2):99–110.
Google Scholar
Stall R, Mills TC, Williamson J, Hart T, Greenwood G, Paul J, Pollack L, Binson D, Osmond D, Catania JA. Association of co-occurring psychosocial health problems and increased vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among urban men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(6):939–42.
Article
Google Scholar
The states of mental health in America 2019 [http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/issues/state-mental-health-america].
Halkitis PN, Moeller RW, Siconolfi DE, Storholm ED, Solomon TM, Bub KL. Measurement model exploring a syndemic in emerging adult gay and bisexual men. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(2):662–73.
Article
Google Scholar
Mimiaga MJ, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Robertson AM, Safren SA, Coates TJ, Koblin BA, Chesney MA, Donnell DJ, Stall RD, et al. The effect of psychosocial syndemic production on 4-year HIV incidence and risk behavior in a large cohort of sexually active men who have sex with men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;68(3):329–36.
Article
Google Scholar
Pitpitan EV, Smith LR, Goodman-Meza D, Torres K, Semple SJ, Strathdee SA, Patterson TL. "Outness" as a moderator of the association between syndemic conditions and HIV risk-taking behavior among men who have sex with men in Tijuana, Mexico. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(2):431–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Santos GM, Do T, Beck J, Makofane K, Arreola S, Pyun T, Hebert P, Wilson PA, Ayala G. Syndemic conditions associated with increased HIV risk in a global sample of men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Infect. 2014;90(3):250–3.
Article
Google Scholar
Storholm ED, Halkitis PN, Siconolfi DE, Moeller RW. Cigarette smoking as part of a syndemic among young men who have sex with men ages 13-29 in new York City. J Urban Health. 2011;88(4):663–76.
Article
Google Scholar
Tulloch TG, Rotondi NK, Ing S, Myers T, Calzavara LM, Loutfy MR, Hart TA. Retrospective reports of developmental stressors, syndemics, and their association with sexual risk outcomes among gay men. Arch Sex Behav. 2015;44(7):1879–89.
Article
Google Scholar
Mustanski B, Garofalo R, Herrick A, Donenberg G. Psychosocial health problems increase risk for HIV among urban young men who have sex with men: preliminary evidence of a syndemic in need of attention. Ann Behav Med. 2007;34(1):37–45.
Article
Google Scholar
Reisner SL, Mimiaga MJ, Skeer M, Bright D, Cranston K, Isenberg D, Bland S, Barker TA, Mayer KH. Clinically significant depressive symptoms as a risk factor for HIV infection among black MSM in Massachusetts. AIDS Behav. 2009;13(4):798–810.
Article
Google Scholar
German D, Latkin CA. Boredom, depressive symptoms, and HIV risk behaviors among urban injection drug users. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(8):2244–50.
Article
Google Scholar
Moeller RW, Halkitis PN, Surrence K. The interplay of syndemic production and serosorting in drug-using gay and bisexual men. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services. 2011;23(1):89–106.
Article
Google Scholar
Štulhofer A, Sinković M, Božić J, Baćak V. Victimization and HIV risks among Croatian female sex workers:exploring the mediation role of depressiveness and the moderation role of social support. Violence Against Women. 2017;23(1):67–88.
Article
Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Guarda RM, Florom-Smith AL, Thomas T. A syndemic model of substance abuse, intimate partner violence, HIV infection, and mental health among Hispanics. Public Health Nurs. 2011;28(4):366–78.
Article
Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Guarda RM, McCabe BE, Vermeesch AL, Cianelli R, Florom-Smith AL, Peragallo N. Cultural phenomena and the sydemic factors: substance abuse, violence, HIV, and depression among Hispanic women. Annals of anthropological practice. 2012;36(2):212–31.
Article
Google Scholar
Chakrapani V, Newman PA, Shunmugam M, Logie CH, Samuel M. Syndemics of depression, alcohol use, and victimisation, and their association with HIV-related sexual risk among men who have sex with men and transgender women in India. Glob Public Health. 2017;12(2):250–65.
Article
Google Scholar
Mthembu JC, Mabaso MLH, Khan G, Simbayi LC. Prevalence of psychological distress and its association with socio-demographic and HIV-risk factors in South Africa: findings of the 2012 HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour survey. SSM - Population Health. 2017;3:658–62.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Chipimo PJ, Fylkesnes K. Mental distress in the general population in Zambia: impact of HIV and social factors. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):298.
Article
Google Scholar
Lundberg P, Rukundo G, Ashaba S, Thorson A, Allebeck P, Östergren P-O, Cantor-Graae E. Poor mental health and sexual risk behaviours in Uganda: a cross-sectional population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):125.
Article
Google Scholar
Boyd A, Van de Velde S, Vilagut G, de Graaf R, O’Neill S, Florescu S, Alonso J, Kovess-Masfety V. Gender differences in mental disorders and suicidality in Europe: results from a large cross-sectional population-based study. J Affect Disord. 2015;173:245–54.
Article
Google Scholar
Seedat S, Scott KM, Angermeyer MC, Berglund P, Bromet EJ, Brugha TS, Demyttenaere K, de Girolamo G, Haro JM, Jin R, et al. Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization world mental health surveys. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(7):785–95.
Article
Google Scholar
Tsuyuki K, Pitpitan EV, Levi-Minzi MA, Urada LA, Kurtz SP, Stockman JK, Surratt HL. Substance use disorders, violence, mental health, and HIV: differentiating a syndemic factor by gender and sexuality. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(8):2270–82.
Article
Google Scholar
Cook JA, Burke-Miller JK, Steigman PJ, Schwartz RM, Hessol NA, Milam J, Merenstein DJ, Anastos K, Golub ET, Cohen MH. Prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of psychiatric and substance use disorders and associations with HIV risk behaviors in a multisite cohort of women living with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2018.
Pitpitan EV, Kalichman SC, Eaton LA, Sikkema KJ, Watt MH, Skinner D: Gender-based violence and HIV sexual risk behavior: alcohol use and mental health problems as mediators among women in drinking venues, Cape Town Social science & medicine (1982) 2012, 75(8):1417–1425.
Corsi KF, Garver-Apgar C, Booth RE. Gender differences in HIV risk and mental health among methamphetamine users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;140:e39.
Article
Google Scholar
Nduna M, Jewkes RK, Dunkle KL, Shai NPJ, Colman I: Associations between depressive symptoms, sexual behaviour and relationship characteristics: a prospective cohort study of young women and men in the eastern cape, South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc 2010, 13:44–44.
Article
Google Scholar
Sherr L, Clucas C, Lampe F, Harding R, Johnson M, Fisher M, Anderson J, Edwards S, Team S. Gender and mental health aspects of living with HIV disease and its longer-term outcomes for UK heterosexual patients. Women Health. 2012;52(3):214–33.
Article
Google Scholar
Qiao S, Li X, Stanton B. Social support and HIV-related risk behaviors: a systematic review of the global literature. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(2):419–41.
Article
Google Scholar
Cohen S, Wills TA. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull. 1985;98(2):310–57.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Osman A, Lamis DA, Freedenthal S, Gutierrez PM, McNaughton-Cassill M. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support: analyses of internal reliability, measurement invariance, and correlates across gender. J Pers Assess. 2014;96(1):103–12.
Article
Google Scholar
Semple SJ, Patterson TL, Straits-Troster K, Atkinson JH, McCutchan JA, Grant I: Social and psychological characteristics of HIV-infected women and gay men. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC) Group Women Health 1996, 24(2):17–41.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Velloza J, Watt MH, Abler L, Skinner D, Kalichman SC, Dennis AC, Sikkema KJ. HIV-risk behaviors and social support among men and women attending alcohol-serving venues in South Africa: implications for HIV prevention. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(Suppl 2):144–54.
Article
Google Scholar
Choi SY, Cheung YW, Chen K. Gender and HIV risk behavior among intravenous drug users in Sichuan Province, China. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(7):1672–84.
Article
Google Scholar
Ramiro MT, Teva I, Bermúdez MP, Buela-Casal G. Social support, self-esteem and depression: relationship with risk for sexually transmitted infections/HIV transmission. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2013;13(3):181–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Althoff MD, Theall K, Schmidt N, Hembling J, Gebrekristos HT, Thompson MM, Muth SQ, Friedman SR, Kissinger P. Social support networks and HIV/STI risk behaviors among Latino immigrants in a new receiving environment. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(12):3607–17.
Article
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Overview: BRFSS 2016. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2017.
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease and Prevention. Behavioral risk factor surveillance system: weighting BRFSS data. BRFSS 2016. Atlanta, GA: Centers for disease and Prevention; 2017.
Google Scholar
Jose PE. Doing statistical mediation and moderation. New York: Guilford Press; 2013.
Jose PE: ModGraph-I: A programme to compute cell means for the graphical display of moderational analyses: The internet version, Version 3.0. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. Retrievedon Oct 25, 2018 from https://psychology.victoria.ac.nz/modgraph/. In.; 2013.
Inc IBMSPSS. SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Chicago, IL: SPSS, Inc; 2016.
Google Scholar
Bland JM, Altman DG. Multiple significance tests: the Bonferroni method. BMJ. 1995;310(6973):170.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Chen G, Gueta K. Childhood abuse and mental health problems: does gender matter? Psychiatr Q. 2016;87(1):189–202.
Article
Google Scholar
Needham B, Hill TD. Do gender differences in mental health contribute to gender differences in physical health? Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(8):1472–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Gouwy A, Christiaens W, Bracke P. Mental health services use in the general Belgian population: estimating the impact of mental health and social determinants. Archives of Public Health. 2008;66(2):50–68.
Google Scholar
Webster JM, Rosen PJ, Krietemeyer J, Mateyoke-Scrivner A, Staton-Tindall M, Leukefeld C. Gender, mental health, and treatment motivation in a drug court setting. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2006;38(4):441–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Yan J, Dannerbeck A. Exploring the relationship between gender, mental health needs, and treatment orders in a metropolitan juvenile court. J Child Fam Stud. 2011;20(1):9–22.
Article
Google Scholar
Bekele T, Collins EJ, Maunder RG, Gardner S, Rueda S, Globerman J, Le TL, Hunter J, Benoit A, Rourke SB, et al. Childhood adversities and physical and mental health outcomes in adults living with HIV: findings from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network cohort study. AIDS Research and Treatment. 2018;2018:17.
Article
Google Scholar
Ssewamala FM, Bermudez LG, Neilands TB, Mellins CA, McKay MM, Garfinkel I, Sensoy Bahar O, Nakigozi G, Mukasa M, Stark L, et al. Suubi4Her: a study protocol to examine the impact and cost associated with a combination intervention to prevent HIV risk behavior and improve mental health functioning among adolescent girls in Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):693.
Article
Google Scholar
Hill LM, Moody J, Gottfredson NC, Kajula LJ, Pence BW, Go VF, Maman S. Peer norms moderate the association between mental health and sexual risk behaviors among young men living in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Soc Sci Med. 2018;196:77–85.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gerbi GB, Habtemariam T, Robnett V, Nganwa D, Tameru B. Psychosocial factors as predictors of HIV/AIDS risky behaviors among people living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of AIDS and HIV Research. 2012;4(1):8–16.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Safren SA, Reisner SL, Herrick A, Mimiaga MJ, Stall RD. Mental health and HIV risk in men who have sex with men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55(Suppl 2):S74–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Spies G, Afifi TO, Archibald SL, Fennema-Notestine C, Sareen J, Seedat S. Mental health outcomes in HIV and childhood maltreatment: a systematic review. Syst Rev. 2012;1:30.
Article
Google Scholar
Chuah FLH, Haldane VE, Cervero-Liceras F, Ong SE, Sigfrid LA, Murphy G, Watt N, Balabanova D, Hogarth S, Maimaris W, et al. Interventions and approaches to integrating HIV and mental health services: a systematic review. Health Policy Plan. 2017:1–21.
Saleh LD, van den Berg JJ, Chambers CS, Operario D. Social support, psychological vulnerability, and HIV risk among African American men who have sex with men. Psychol Health. 2016;31(5):549–64.
Article
Google Scholar
Barbee AP, Cunningham MR, Winstead BA, Derlega VJ, Gulley MR, Yankeelov PA, Druen PB. Effects of gender role expectations on the social support process. J Soc Issues. 1993;49(3):175–90.
Article
Google Scholar
Houle J, Mishara BL, Chagnon F. An empirical test of a mediation model of the impact of the traditional male gender role on suicidal behavior in men. J Affect Disord. 2008;107(1–3):37–43.
Article
Google Scholar
Rössler W, Koch U, Lauber C, Hass A-K, Altwegg M, Ajdacic-Gross V, Landolt K. The mental health of female sex workers. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010;122(2):143–52.
Article
Google Scholar