EURODIAB ACE Study Group: Variation and trends in incidence of childhood diabetes in Europe. Lancet. 2000, 355: 873-876. 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)07125-1.
Article
Google Scholar
Hernan MA, Olek MJ, Ascherio A: Geographic variation of MS incidence in two prospective studies of US women. Neurology. 1999, 53: 1711-1718.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cantorna MT: Vitamin D and autoimmunity: is vitamin D status an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence?. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 2000, 223: 230-233. 10.1046/j.1525-1373.2000.22333.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Garland CF, Garland FC, Gorham ED: Calcium and vitamin D. Their potential roles in colon and breast cancer prevention. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999, 889: 107-119. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08728.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holick MF: Vitamin D: A millenium perspective. J Cell Biochem. 2003, 88: 296-307. 10.1002/jcb.10338.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holick MF: The vitamin D epidemic and its health consequences. J Nutr. 2005, 135: 2739S-2748S.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chapuy MC, Preziosi P, Maamer M, Arnaud S, Galan P, Hercberg S, et al: Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in an adult normal population. Osteoporos Int. 1997, 7: 439-443. 10.1007/s001980050030.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chapuy MC, Schott AM, Garnero P, Hans D, Delmas PD, Meunier PJ: Healthy elderly French women living at home have secondary hyperparathyroidism and high bone turnover in winter. EPIDOS Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996, 81: 1129-1133. 10.1210/jc.81.3.1129.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lappe JM, Davies KM, Travers-Gustafson D, Heaney RP: Vitamin D status in a rural postmenopausal female population. J Am Coll Nutr. 2006, 25: 395-402.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sherman SS, Hollis BW, Tobin JD: Vitamin D status and related parameters in a healthy population: the effects of age, sex, and season. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990, 71: 405-413.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Budak N, Cicek B, Sahin H, Tutus A: Bone mineral density and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level: is there any difference according to the dressing style of the female university students. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2004, 55: 569-575. 10.1080/09637480400015869.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Matsuoka LY, Wortsman J, Hanifan N, Holick MF: Chronic sunscreen use decreases circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. A preliminary study. Arch Dermatol. 1988, 124: 1802-1804. 10.1001/archderm.124.12.1802.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rapuri PB, Kinyamu HK, Gallagher JC, Haynatzka V: Seasonal changes in calciotropic hormones, bone markers, and bone mineral density in elderly women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002, 87: 2024-2032. 10.1210/jc.87.5.2024.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carnevale V, Modoni S, Pileri M, Di GA, Chiodini I, Minisola S, et al: Longitudinal evaluation of vitamin D status in healthy subjects from southern Italy: seasonal and gender differences. Osteoporos Int. 2001, 12: 1026-1030. 10.1007/s001980170012.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meier C, Woitge HW, Witte K, Lemmer B, Seibel MJ: Supplementation with oral vitamin D3 and calcium during winter prevents seasonal bone loss: a randomized controlled open-label prospective trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2004, 19: 1221-1230. 10.1359/JBMR.040511.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Viljakainen HT, Palssa A, Karkkainen M, Jakobsen J, Cashman KD, Molgaard C, et al: A seasonal variation of calcitropic hormones, bone turnover and bone mineral density in early and mid-puberty girls – a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr. 2006, 96: 124-130. 10.1079/BJN20061719.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tangpricha V, Pearce EN, Chen TC, Holick MF: Vitamin D insufficiency among free-living healthy young adults. Am J Med. 2002, 112: 659-662. 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01091-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
MacFarlane GD, Sackrison JL, Body JJ, Ersfeld DL, Fenske JS, Miller AB: Hypovitaminosis D in a normal, apparently healthy urban European population. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004, 89–90: 621-622. 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.042.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Malabanan A, Veronikis IE, Holick MF: Redefining vitamin D insufficiency. Lancet. 1998, 351: 805-806. 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)78933-9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dietrich T, Orav EJ, Dawson-Hughes B: Positive association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and bone mineral density: a population-based study of younger and older adults. Am J Med. 2004, 116: 634-639. 10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.12.029.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bischoff-Ferrari HA: The 25-hydroxyvitamin D threshold for better health. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007
Google Scholar
Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney RP, Holick MF, Lips P, Meunier PJ, Vieth R: Estimates of optimal vitamin D status. Osteoporos Int. 2005, 16: 713-716. 10.1007/s00198-005-1867-7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Dietrich T, wson-Hughes B: Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006, 84: 18-28.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lips P, Hosking D, Lippuner K, Norquist JM, Wehren L, Maalouf G, et al: The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy amongst women with osteoporosis: an international epidemiological investigation. J Intern Med. 2006, 260: 245-254. 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01685.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lips P, Duong T, Oleksik A, Black D, Cummings S, Cox D, et al: A global study of vitamin D status and parathyroid function in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: baseline data from the multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001, 86: 1212-1221. 10.1210/jc.86.3.1212.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lamberg-Allardt CJ, Outila TA, Karkkainen MU, Rita HJ, Valsta LM: Vitamin D deficiency and bone health in healthy adults in Finland: could this be a concern in other parts of Europe?. J Bone Miner Res. 2001, 16: 2066-2073. 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.11.2066.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Livesey J, Elder P, Ellis MJ, McKenzie R, Liley B, Florkowski C: Seasonal variation in vitamin D levels in the Canterbury, New Zealand population in relation to available UV radiation. N Z Med J. 2007, 120: U2733-
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meyer HE, Holvik K, Lofthus CM, Tennakoon SU: Vitamin D status in Sri Lankans living in Sri Lanka and Norway. Br J Nutr. 2008, 99: 941-944. 10.1017/S0007114507844138.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Scharla SH, Scheidt-Nave C: Referenzbereich für die Serumkonzentration von 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin-D in Deutschland. Clinical Laboratory. 1996, 42: 475-477.
CAS
Google Scholar
Rockell JE, Skeaff CM, Williams SM, Green TJ: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of New Zealanders aged 15 years and older. Osteoporos Int. 2006, 17: 1382-1389. 10.1007/s00198-006-0118-x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ono Y, Suzuki A, Kotake M, Zhang X, Nishiwaki-Yasuda K, Ishiwata Y, et al: Seasonal changes of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone levels in a normal Japanese population. Bone Miner Metab. 2005, 23: 147-151. 10.1007/s00774-004-0553-8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Looker AC, Dawson-Hughes B, Calvo MS, Gunter EW, Sahyoun NR: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of adolescents and adults in two seasonal subpopulations from NHANES III. Bone. 2002, 30: 771-777. 10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00692-0.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burnand B, Sloutskis D, Gianoli F, Cornuz J, Rickenbach M, Paccaud F, et al: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: distribution and determinants in the Swiss population. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992, 56: 537-542.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Binkley N, Krueger D, Cowgill CS, Plum L, Lake E, Hansen KE, et al: Assay variation confounds the diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D: a call for standardization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89: 3152-3157. 10.1210/jc.2003-031979.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
World Health Organization: Nutrition and lifestyle in the Baltic republics. Summary Report. 1999
Google Scholar
Brustad M, Alsaker E, Engelsen O, Aksnes L, Lund E: Vitamin D status of middle-aged women at 65–71 degrees N in relation to dietary intake and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Public Health Nutr. 2004, 7: 327-335.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vanderwielen RPJ, Lowik MRH, Vandenberg H, Degroot LCPG, Haller J, Moreiras O, et al: Serum Vitamin-D Concentrations Among Elderly People in Europe. Lancet. 1995, 346: 207-210. 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91266-5.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mawer EB, Backhouse J, Holman CA, Lumb GA, Stanbury SW: The distribution and storage of vitamin D and its metabolites in human tissues. Clin Sci. 1972, 43: 413-431.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF: Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000, 72: 690-693.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gallagher D, Visser M, Sepulveda D, Pierson RN, Harris T, Heymsfield SB: How useful is body mass index for comparison of body fatness across age, sex, and ethnic groups?. Am J Epidemiol. 1996, 143: 228-239.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bischoff HA, Borchers M, Gudat F, Duermueller U, Theiler R, Stahelin HB, et al: In situ detection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor in human skeletal muscle tissue. Histochem J. 2001, 33: 19-24. 10.1023/A:1017535728844.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Borchers M, Gudat F, Durmuller U, Stahelin HB, Dick W: Vitamin D receptor expression in human muscle tissue decreases with age. J Bone Miner Res. 2004, 19: 265-269. 10.1359/jbmr.2004.19.2.265.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar