Assumptions and methods in the Lives Saved Tool (LiST)

Authors: Monica J Fox, Reynaldo Martorell, Nynke van den Broek and Neff Walker

Screening and triage of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in general population and high risk pregnancies: a systematic review with a focus on reduction of IUGR related stillbirths

There is a strong association between stillbirth and fetal growth restriction. Early detection and management of IUGR can lead to reduce related morbidity and mortality. In this paper we have reviewed effectiv...

Authors: Aamer Imdad, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Saad Siddiqui and Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Effect of screening and management of diabetes during pregnancy on stillbirths

Diabetes during pregnancy is associated with significant risk of complications to the mother, fetus and newborn. We reviewed the potential impact of early detection and control of diabetes mellitus during preg...

Authors: Madiha Syed, Hasan Javed, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob and Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Effectiveness of interventions to screen and manage infections during pregnancy on reducing stillbirths: a review

Infection is a well acknowledged cause of stillbirths and may account for about half of all perinatal deaths today, especially in developing countries. This review presents the impact of interventions targetin...

Authors: Sidra Ishaque, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Aamer Imdad, Robert L Goldenberg, Thomas P Eisele and Zulfiqar A Bhutta

The effect of folic acid, protein energy and multiple micronutrient supplements in pregnancy on stillbirths

Pregnancy is a state of increased requirement of macro- and micronutrients, and malnourishment or inadequate dietary intake before and during pregnancy, can lead to adverse perinatal outcomes including stillbi...

Authors: Aamer Imdad, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob and Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Elective induction for pregnancies at or beyond 41 weeks of gestation and its impact on stillbirths: a systematic review with meta-analysis

An important determinant of pregnancy outcome is the timely onset of labor and birth. Prolonged gestation complicates 5% to 10% of all pregnancies and confers increased risk to both the fetus and mother. The p...

Authors: Arwa Abbas Hussain, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Aamer Imdad and Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Impact of interventions to prevent and manage preeclampsia and eclampsia on stillbirths

Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia are relatively common complications of pregnancy, leading to considerable maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. We sought to review the effect of aspirin, calcium supplementat...

Authors: Mehnaz Jabeen, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Aamer Imdad and Zulfiqar A Bhutta

The effect of providing skilled birth attendance and emergency obstetric care in preventing stillbirths

Of the global burden of 2.6 million stillbirths, around 1.2 million occur during labour i.e. are intrapartum deaths. In low-/middle-income countries, a significant proportion of women give birth at home, usual...

Authors: Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Mahrukh Ayesha Ali, Mohammad Usman Ali, Aamer Imdad, Joy E Lawn, Nynke Van Den Broek and Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Quantifying the fall in mortality associated with interventions related to hypertensive diseases of pregnancy

In this paper we review the evidence of the effect of health interventions on mortality reduction from hypertensive diseases in pregnancy (HDP). We chose HDP because they represent a major cause of death in lo...

Authors: Carine Ronsmans and Oona Campbell

Lives Saved Tool supplement detection and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy to reduce syphilis related stillbirths and neonatal mortality

Globally syphilis is an important yet preventable cause of stillbirth, neonatal mortality and morbidity.

Authors: Hannah Blencowe, Simon Cousens, Mary Kamb, Stuart Berman and Joy E Lawn

Care during labor and birth for the prevention of intrapartum-related neonatal deaths: a systematic review and Delphi estimation of mortality effect

Our objective was to estimate the effect of various childbirth care packages on neonatal mortality due to intrapartum-related events (“birth asphyxia”) in term babies for use in the Lives Saved Tool (LiST).

Authors: Anne CC Lee, Simon Cousens, Gary L Darmstadt, Hannah Blencowe, Robert Pattinson, Neil F Moran, G Justus Hofmeyr, Rachel A Haws, Shereen Zulfiqar Bhutta and Joy E Lawn

Clean birth and postnatal care practices to reduce neonatal deaths from sepsis and tetanus: a systematic review and Delphi estimation of mortality effect

Annually over 520,000 newborns die from neonatal sepsis, and 60,000 more from tetanus. Estimates of the effect of clean birth and postnatal care practices are required for evidence-based program planning.

Authors: Hannah Blencowe, Simon Cousens, Luke C Mullany, Anne CC Lee, Kate Kerber, Steve Wall, Gary L Darmstadt and Joy E Lawn

Neonatal resuscitation and immediate newborn assessment and stimulation for the prevention of neonatal deaths: a systematic review, meta-analysis and Delphi estimation of mortality effect

Of 136 million babies born annually, around 10 million require assistance to breathe. Each year 814,000 neonatal deaths result from intrapartum-related events in term babies (previously “birth asphyxia”) and 1...

Authors: Anne CC Lee, Simon Cousens, Stephen N Wall, Susan Niermeyer, Gary L Darmstadt, Waldemar A Carlo, William J Keenan, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Christopher Gill and Joy E Lawn

Effect of case management on neonatal mortality due to sepsis and pneumonia

Each year almost one million newborns die from infections, mostly in low-income countries. Timely case management would save many lives but the relative mortality effect of varying strategies is unknown. We ha...

Authors: Anita K M Zaidi, Hammad A Ganatra, Sana Syed, Simon Cousens, Anne CC Lee, Robert Black, Zulfiqar A Bhutta and Joy E Lawn

Protective efficacy of malaria case management for preventing malaria mortality in children: a systematic review for the Lives Saved Tool

The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) model was developed to estimate the impact of the scale-up of child survival interventions on child mortality. New advances in antimalarials have improved their efficacy of treating...

Authors: Julie Thwing, Thomas P Eisele and Richard W Steketee

Breastfeeding and the risk for diarrhea morbidity and mortality

Lack of exclusive breastfeeding among infants 0-5 months of age and no breastfeeding among children 6-23 months of age are associated with increased diarrhea morbidity and mortality in developing countries. We...

Authors: Laura M Lamberti, Christa L Fischer Walker, Adi Noiman, Cesar Victora and Robert E Black

Rotavirus vaccine and diarrhea mortality: quantifying regional variation in effect size

Diarrhea mortality remains a leading cause of child death and rotavirus vaccine an effective tool for preventing severe rotavirus diarrhea. New data suggest vaccine efficacy may vary by region.

Authors: Christa L Fischer Walker and Robert E Black

Effect of balanced protein energy supplementation during pregnancy on birth outcomes

The nutritional status of the mother prior to and during pregnancy plays a vital role in fetal growth and development, and maternal undernourishment may lead to adverse perinatal outcomes including intrauterin...

Authors: Aamer Imdad and Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Role of calcium supplementation during pregnancy in reducing risk of developing gestational hypertensive disorders: a meta-analysis of studies from developing countries

Hypertension in pregnancy stand alone or with proteinuria is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the world. Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that an inverse relation...

Authors: Aamer Imdad, Afshan Jabeen and Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and birth outcomes

Given the widespread prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries, supplementation with multiple micronutrients rather than iron-folate alone, could be of potential benefit to the mother an...

Authors: Batool Azra Haider, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob and Zulfiqar A Bhutta