Table 1 Details of economic studies included in the review
|  | "Silver Song Club" programme | "Community of Voices" trial | The Imagine Arts programme | "Dementia and imagination" programme | "Craft Café" | "Creative Caring" |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Title | Coulton et al., 2015 [62] | Johnson et al., 2020 [63] | Bosco et al., 2019 [65] | Jones et al., 2020 [66] | Social Value Lab, 2011 [67] | MB Associates, 2013 [68] |
Programme | Singing | Singing | Art programme | Art programme | Art and craft programme | Craft programme |
Intervention | 14-week, 90-min programme | 44-week, 90-min choir sessions | 12Â months- attendance of 1 session specified | 12Â week, 2-h sessions | 12-week programme | 12-month programme in care home |
Population | Older adults | Older adults | Older adults with or without dementia | Older adults with dementia and caregivers | Older adults | Older adults |
Setting | Community | Community | Care home | Hospital, community, residential | Community | Care home |
Sample size | 258 participants | 390 participants | 267 participants | 125 participants | Two housing associations | Five care homes |
Location | UK | USA | UK | UK | UK | UK |
Economic evaluation | CEA | Outcome evaluation (including healthcare utilisation) | SROI | SROI | SROI | SROI |
Underlying study design | RCT | RCT | Qualitative study | Mixed methods longitudinal study | Pilot study | Pilot study |
Study perspective | The payer | The payer | Participants | Range of stakeholders | Range of stakeholders | Range of stakeholders |
Comparator(s) | Usual care | Wait-list control | No comparator | No comparator | No comparator | no comparator |
Time horizon | 6Â months (extrapolated to 12Â months) | 6Â months | 12Â months (extrapolated to 4Â years) | 6Â months (extrapolated to 12Â months) | 12Â months (extrapolated to 3Â years) | 12Â months (extrapolated to 2Â years) |
Discount rate | n/a | n/a | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.5% | n/a |
Health and QoL related outcomes | Health related Quality of life; mental health QoL, anxiety and depression | Psychosocial, cognitive and physical outcomes; health care utilisation and costs | Social isolation, quality in mental health and mobility, community inclusion and cognition | Wellbeing and mood; confidence; control; social isolation, physical activity | Physical exercise, loneliness, anxiety and depression, harmful behaviours e.g. smoking | Mentally active and independent; relationships |
Measurement of health and QoL related outcomes | QALY (EQ-5D) | PHQ-8; TMT; The NIH Toolbox; healthcare cost questionnaire | Qualitative data from reflective diaries; and range of assumptions | Specific questions on DEMQOL-proxy questionnaire | Qualitative data and range of assumptions | Forecasts based on qualitative data and range of assumptions |
Source of costs/financial proxies | National sources | National sources | Range of assumptions | HACT social value bank; range of Assumptions | Range of assumptions | Range of assumptions |
Uncertainty | CEAC | Statistical analysis | sensitivity analysis (assumptions) | sensitivity analysis (assumptions) | sensitivity analysis (assumptions) | sensitivity analysis (assumptions) |
Presentation of results | CEAC | statistical analysis | SROI ratios | SROI ratios | SROI ratios | SROI ratios |
Conclusions | 64% probability of being cost-effective at £30,000 | No significant differences in primary outcomes (including healthcare utilisation) | SROI £1.20: £1 | SROI £3.20-£6.62: £1 | SROI £ 4.86-£9.57: £1 | SROI £3: £1 |