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Table 4 Comparative annuaslised rates of change in fatness and fitness metrics by socio-demographic categories: holiday vs. in-school periods

From: Changes in fitness and fatness in Australian schoolchildren during the summer holidays: fitness lost, fatness regained? A cohort study

Predictor

 

%BF

P

zBMI

p

Waist:Ht%

p

VO2max

p

SBJ

p

 

Time*Sex

Holidays vs Grade 4*Male

-2.0

0.75

0.6

0.43

-8.2

0.20

7.4

0.18

-14.2

0.69

 

Ref = Female

(-14.1 to 10.2)

(-0.9 to 2.2)

(-20.6 to 4.2)

(-3.4 to 18.1)

(-84.6 to 56.2)

 
 

Holidays vs Grade 5*Male

-3.7

0.55

0.3

0.69

-7.0

0.27

8.1

0.15

-14.6

0.68

 

(-15.9 to 8.4)

(-1.2 to 1.9)

(-19.5 to 5.5)

(-2.8 18.9)

(-85.0 to 55.8)

 

Time*SES

Holidays vs Grade 4*SES

-7.5

0.045

-0.7

0.13

-1.5

0.69

-0.6

0.84

-5.0

0.79

 

(-14.8 to -0.2)

(-1.6 to 0.2)

(-8.7 to 5.8)

(-6.5 to 5.3)

(-41.4 to 31.4)

 
 

Holidays vs Grade 5*SES

-9.4

0.01

-0.9

0.04

-2.9

0.44

-2.6

0.38

-6.1

0.74

 

(-16.8 to -2.1)

(-1.8 to -0.0)

(-10.2 to 4.4)

(-8.6 to 3.3)

(-42.5 to 30.3)

 

Time*

Holidays vs Grade 4* Early

-12.8

0.02

-1.4

0.046

-12

0.04

-5.4

0.25

-9.2

0.75

 

Puberty

(-23.9 to -1.8)

(-2.7 to -0.0)

(-23.2 to -0.8)

(-14.6 to 3.9)

(-65.0 to 46.5)

 

Ref = Mid

      
 

Holidays vs Grade 5* Early

-10.8

0.06

-1.2

0.08

-10.9

0.06

-4.6

0.33

3.3

0.91

 

(-21.9 to 0.3)

(-2.5 to 0.1)

(-22.2 to 0.5)

(-13.9 to 4.7)

(-52.4 to 59.0)

 
 

Holidays vs Grade 4* Pre

0.2

0.98

-0.5

0.58

12.2

0.08

-12.9

0.03

50

0.19

 

(-13.0 to -13.3)

(-2.1 to 1.2)

(-1.5 to 25.9)

(-24.5 to -1.3)

(-25.5 to 125.4)

 
 

Holidays vs Grade 5* Pre

3.2

0.64

0.0

0.98

11.6

0.10

-13.2

0.03

61.5

0.11

 

(-10.1 to 16.4)

(-1.7 to 1.6)

(-2.2 to 25.4)

(-24.8 to -1.5)

(-13.9 to 137.0)

 

Time*

Holidays vs Grade 4*

11.2

0.03

0.9

0.14

3.1

0.55

-11.3

0.01

3.48

0.90

 

Weight Status

Overweight

(1.3 to 21.1)

(-0.3 to 2.1)

(-7.1 to 13.3)

(-20.2 to 2.4)

(-50.2 to 57.1)

 

Ref = Normal

Holidays vs Grade 5* Overweight

11.9

0.02

0.9

0.13

3.1

0.55

-11.8

0.01

5.9

0.830

 
 

(0.19 to 21.8)

(-0.3 to 2.1)

(-7.1 to 13.3)

(-20.8 to -2.8)

(-47.8 to 59.5)

 
 

Holidays vs Grade 4* Obese

4.4

0.53

0.2

0.82

4.9

0.47

-4.0

0.56

8.8

0.81

 

(-9.2 to 17.9)

(-1.4 to 1.8)

(-8.6 to 18.5)

(-17.1 to 9.2)

(-62.2 to 79.7)

 
 

Holidays vs Grade 5* Obese

6.1

0.38

0.4

0.61

7.1

0.31

-7.8

0.25

8.0

0.83

 

(-7.5 to 19.7)

(-1.2 to 2.0)

(-6.5 to 20.7)

(-21.0 to 5.4)

(-63.0 to 78.9)

 
  1. The table delineates the variations in annualised rates of change (accompanied by 95% CIs) during the holiday period, contrasted against the Grade 4 and Grade 5 in-school periods, segmented by socio-demographic categories. For instance, in the context of body fat percentage (%BF), the rate of change during the holidays compared to the Grade 5 in-school period was notably higher (p = 0.020) in overweight children by + 11.9%BF/year when compared to normal-weight children (who serve as the reference category). In terms of Socioeconomic Status (SES), a 1 SD increase in the SES z-score was associated with a decrease of 9.4%BF/year in the rate of change in %BF during holidays versus the Grade 5 in-school period.
  2. Models were mutually adjusted for all covariates, and random intercepts were used to account for nesting of observations within participants, within schools, within study waves. Note: p < 0.05 shown in boldface
  3. Abbreviations: SES = socioeconomic status; Wt status = weight status; %BF = percentage body fat; SBJ = standing broad jump (cm); V̇O2max = maximal aerobic power (ml/kg/min); Waist:Ht% = waist-to-height ratio (as a percentage); zBMI = BMI z-score
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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