Table 5 Prospective associations of demographic and mental health variables at baseline with change in mental wellbeing

Gender

 Female

Reference

 Male

−1.29 (− 2.81 to 0.22)

Age category

 18–34 years

Reference

Reference

 35–64 years

−1.70 (−3.32 to −0.08)

−1.19 (−2.78 to 0.41)

 65+ years

− 0.89 (−2.91 to 1.13)

− 0.49 (− 2.47 to 1.49)

Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile

 1–2 (less deprived)

Reference

 3, 4 & 5 (more deprived)

1.12 (−0.32 to 2.56)

Self-rated health during first COVID-19 lockdown

 Poor / Fair

Reference

 Good

−1.16 (−3.93 to 1.61)

 Very good / Excellent

−0.04 (−2.65 to 2.58)

Classed as high risk for COVID-19

 No

Reference

 Yes

−0.22 (−1.81 to 1.37)

Living situation during first COVID-19 lockdown

 Living alone

Reference

 Living with others (not dependents)

0.13 (−1.76 to 2.02)

 Living with children aged 12–17

−2.48 (−5.67 to 0.70)

 Living with children aged 0–11

−0.26 (− 2.64 to 2.11)

 Living with someone at risk of COVID-19

−0.04 (−2.27 to 2.19)

Working situation during first COVID-19 lockdown

 Not working

Reference

 Working from home

0.08 (−1.45 to 1.61)

 Working outside home, but socially distanced

0.62 (−1.76 to 3.00)

 Frontline NHS workers or key workers

−0.72 (−3.04 to 1.60)

Perceived change in mental health during first COVID-19 lockdown

 Mental health worsened

2.55 (1.17 to 3.94)

2.35 (0.94 to 3.77)

 Mental health stayed the same

Reference

Reference

 Mental health increased

−0.83 (−3.17 to 1.51)

−0.90 (− 3.26 to 1.45)