Sociodemographic and behavioral influences on multimorbidity among adult residents of northeastern China

Shi, Jikang; Guo, Yanbo; Li, Zhen; Liang, Zhuoshuai; Pan, Lingfeng; Yu, Yang; Zhu, Wenfei; Shao, Aiyu; Chen, Wenjun; Gao, Chao; Liu, Siyu; Liu, Yawen; Cheng, Yi

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12722-y

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Prevalence of number of chronic diseases by sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of the study population

From: Sociodemographic and behavioral influences on multimorbidity among adult residents of northeastern China

Variables	Total (n)	0disease		1disaese		2diseases		≥3diseases		χ²	P
Variables	Total (n)	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	χ²	P
Sex
Male	2677	1082	40.4	1045	39.0	450	16.8	100	3.7	3.481	0.323
Female	4029	1551	38.5	1604	39.8	699	17.3	175	4.3
Age (year)
≤ 64	191	114	59.7	62	32.5	12	6.3	3	1.6	94.721	<0.001*
65–69	3929	1643	41.8	1519	38.7	637	16.2	130	3.3
70–74	2586	876	33.9	1068	41.3	500	19.3	142	5.5
Ethnicity
Han	6517	2558	39.3	2576	39.5	1121	17.2	262	4.0	4.316	0.229
Non-Han	189	75	39.7	73	38.6	28	14.8	13	6.9
BMI
Underweight	102	55	53.9	36	35.3	9	8.8	2	2.0	163.603	<0.001*
Normal	2568	1230	47.9	911	35.5	351	13.7	76	3.0
Overweight	3961	1316	33.2	1674	42.3	775	19.6	196	4.9
Obese	75	32	42.7	28	37.3	14	18.7	1	1.3
Marital status
Married/Cohabitation	35	18	51.4	14	40.0	3	8.6	0	0.0	14.601	0.024*
Unmarried	5923	2357	39.8	2325	39.3	1007	17	234	4.0
Divorced/ Separated	748	258	34.5	310	41.4	139	18.6	41	5.5
Family history of hypertension
No	5940	2450	41.2	2353	39.6	949	16	188	3.2	203.931	<0.001*
Yes	766	183	23.9	296	38.6	200	26.1	87	11.4
Family history of diabetes
No	6064	2427	40	2418	39.9	1004	16.6	215	3.5	109.425	<0.001*
Yes	349	83	23.8	133	38.1	89	25.5	44	12.6
Educational level
Primary school or below	162	52	32.1	69	42.6	36	22.2	5	3.1	20.846	0.013*
Junior middle school	861	300	34.8	378	43.9	151	17.5	32	3.7
Senior middle schoo	2280	879	38.6	915	40.1	388	17	98	4.3
Undergraduate or above	3403	1402	41.2	1287	37.8	574	16.9	140	4.1
Occupation
Agriculture	321	102	31.8	140	43.6	62	19.3	17	5.3	61.841	<0.001*
Industry	512	212	41.4	198	38.7	79	15.4	23	4.5
Individual business and service industry	521	231	44.3	192	36.9	86	16.5	12	2.3
Agency and business unit	592	291	49.2	192	32.4	88	14.9	21	3.5
Retirement	3638	1410	38.8	1432	39.4	633	17.4	163	4.5
Unemployment	664	231	34.8	302	45.5	108	16.3	23	3.5
Other	458	156	34.1	193	42.1	93	20.3	16	3.5
Annual income (¥)
< 10,000	563	196	34.8	240	42.6	91	16.2	36	6.4	89.176	<0.001*
10,000 ~ 30,000	2817	960	34.1	1237	43.9	508	18	112	4.0
30,000 ~ 50,000	2765	1213	43.9	987	35.7	464	16.8	101	3.7
≥ ~ 50,000	561	264	47.1	185	33.0	86	15.3	26	4.6
Physical exercise
Every day	4912	1893	38.5	2002	40.8	827	16.8	190	3.9	30.286	0.003*
3-4 days/week	220	109	49.5	69	31.4	35	15.9	7	3.2
2-3 days/week	200	96	48	62	31.0	30	15	12	6.0
1-2 days/month	39	16	41	15	38.5	5	12.8	3	7.7
Never	1335	519	38.9	501	37.5	252	18.9	63	4.7
Sleep status
Worse	76	20	26.3	34	44.7	16	21.1	6	7.9	28.86	0.004*
Poor	622	216	34.7	237	38.1	131	21.1	38	6.1
Average	2015	796	39.5	787	39.1	343	17	89	4.4
Good	3642	1453	39.9	1457	40.0	600	16.5	132	3.6
Excellent	351	148	42.2	134	38.2	59	16.8	10	2.8
Fatigueness status (time/week)
<1	5304	2096	39.5	2114	39.9	887	16.7	207	3.9	22.967	0.001*
1–2	1061	418	39.4	420	39.6	178	16.8	45	4.2
≥ 3	341	119	34.9	115	33.7	84	24.6	23	6.7
Stay up late
Often	214	96	44.9	70	32.7	40	18.7	8	3.7	44.007	<0.001*
Sometimes	479	229	47.8	162	33.8	71	14.8	17	3.5
Rarely	1243	548	44.1	447	36.0	194	15.6	54	4.3
Never	4770	1760	36.9	1970	41.3	844	17.7	196	4.1
Smoking status
Smoker	945	366	38.7	377	39.9	161	17	41	4.3	0.28	0.964
Non-smoker	5761	2267	39.4	2272	39.4	988	17.1	234	4.1
Status of alcohol drinking
Drinker	815	325	39.9	329	40.4	132	16.2	29	3.6	1.407	0.704
Non-drinker	5891	2308	39.2	2320	39.4	1017	17.3	246	4.2
Salt taste
Salty	427	181	42.4	134	31.4	85	19.9	27	6.3	96.487	<0.001*
Insipid	1411	480	34	548	38.8	275	19.5	108	7.7
Appropriate	4868	1972	40.5	1967	40.4	789	16.2	140	2.9
Edible oil taste
Greasy	278	120	43.2	89	32.0	56	20.1	13	4.7	77.108	<0.001*
Thin	1330	488	36.7	486	36.5	251	18.9	105	7.9
Appropriate	5098	2025	39.7	2074	40.7	842	16.5	157	3.1
Carbonated drinks
Yes	111	60	54.1	39	35.1	10	9	2	1.8	12.637	0.005*
No	6595	2573	39	2610	39.6	1139	17.3	273	4.1
Fresh fruit consumption
Often/Always	4777	2002	41.9	1850	38.7	732	15.3	193	4.0	123.52	<0.001*
Sometimes	1352	505	37.4	550	40.7	245	18.1	52	3.8
Rarely/Never	577	126	21.8	249	43.2	172	29.8	30	5.2
Meat consumption (red meet)
Often/Always	1829	741	40.5	729	39.9	287	15.7	72	3.9	14.157	0.028*
Sometimes	3593	1441	40.1	1384	38.5	621	17.3	147	4.1
Rarely/Never	1284	451	35.1	536	41.7	241	18.8	56	4.4
Meat consumption (poultry)
Often/Always	1375	570	41.5	548	39.9	209	15.2	48	3.5	24.06	0.001*
Sometimes	3810	1535	40.4	1467	38.6	644	16.9	155	4.1
Rarely/Never	1530	528	34.5	634	41.4	296	19.3	72	4.7
Consumption of fish
Often/Always	747	322	43.1	281	37.6	113	15.1	31	4.1	23.499	0.001*
Sometimes	3881	1580	40.7	1500	38.6	648	16.7	153	3.9
Rarely/Never	2078	731	35.2	868	41.8	388	18.7	91	4.4
Consumption of eggs and beans
Often/Always	3837	1569	40.9	1499	39.1	609	15.9	160	4.2	26.452	<0.001*
Sometimes	2298	853	37.1	927	40.3	440	19.1	78	3.4
Rarely/Never	571	211	37	223	39.1	100	17.5	37	6.5
Consumption of milk
Often/Always	2974	1205	40.5	1148	38.6	483	16.2	138	4.6	12.477	0.052
Sometimes	2265	888	39.2	891	39.3	407	18	79	3.5
Rarely/Never	1467	540	36.8	610	41.6	259	17.7	58	4.0
Consumption of rice
Often/Always	5394	2144	39.7	2126	39.4	906	16.8	218	4.0	10.382	0.109
Sometimes	1060	411	38.8	417	39.3	186	17.5	46	4.3
Rarely/Never	252	78	31	106	42.1	57	22.6	11	4.4

*P < 0.05

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