Corrao G, Bagnardi V, Zambon A, La Vecchia C. A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption and the risk of 15 diseases. Prev Med (Baltim). 2004;38:613–.
Article
Google Scholar
Gill JS, Zezulka AV, Shipley MJ, Gill SK, Beevers DG. Stroke and alcohol consumption. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:1041–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
MacMahon S. Alcohol consumption and hypertension. Hypertension. 1987;9:111–21.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ohmori S, Kiyohara Y, Kato I, Kubo M, Tanizaki Y, Iwamoto H, et al. Alcohol intake and future incidence of hypertension in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002;26:1010–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Klatsky AL. Alcohol, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Pharmacol Res. 2007;55:237–47.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rehm J. The risks associated with alcohol use and alcoholism. Alcohol Res Heal. 2011;34:135.
Google Scholar
World Health Organisation. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.
Google Scholar
Rehm J, Anderson P, Kanteres F, Parry CD, Samokhvalov AV, Patra J, et al. Alcohol, Social Development and Infectious Disease. Cent Addict Ment Heal. 2009;1–47.
Parry C, Rehm J, Poznyak V, Room R. Alcohol and infectious diseases: an overlooked causal linkage? Addiction. 2009;104:331–2.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holcomb RL. Alcohol in relation to traffic accidents. J Am Med Assoc. 1938;111:1076–85.
Article
Google Scholar
Hijar M, Carrillo C, Flores M, Anaya R, Lopez V. Risk factors in highway traffic accidents: a case control study. Accid Anal Prev. 2000;32:703–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tiruneh BT, Dachew BA, Bifftu BB. Incidence of road traffic injury and associated factors among patients visiting the emergency department of Tikur Anbessa specialized teaching hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Emerg Med Int. 2014;2014:1–7.
Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet. 2009;373:2223–33.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lönnroth K, Williams BG, Stadlin S, Jaramillo E, Dye C. Alcohol use as a risk factor for tuberculosis–a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:289.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rehm J, Gmel GE, Gmel G, Hasan OSM, Imtiaz S, Popova S, et al. The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update. Addiction. 2017;112:968–1001.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
CSA ICF. Ethiopia demographic and health survey. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Rockville. Maryland, USA: Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency and ICF; 2016.
Google Scholar
World Health Organization and others. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020. World Health Organization; 2013. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/94384/9789244506233_rus.pdf.
Beyene N. Alcohol control policy in Ethiopia and implications for public health. J Public Health Policy. 2019;40:423–35.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
World Health Organization. NCD Global Monitoring Framework. Ensuring progress on noncommunicable diseases in countries [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 13]. https://www.who.int/nmh/global_monitoring_framework/en/.
UN Statistical Commission. Global Indicator Framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and Targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Work Stat Comm Pertain to 2030 Agenda Sustain Dev. 2017;1–21. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework_A.RES.71.313%20Annex.pdf. Accessed 5 Dec 2020.
World Health Organization. The WHO STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.
Google Scholar
Beusenberg M, Orley J. A user’s guide to the self reporting questionnaire (SRQ). Geneva: World Health Organization; 1994.
Google Scholar
Gutema BT, Chuka A, Kondale M, Ayele G, Kote M, Zerdo Z, et al. The burden of malnutrition among adults residing in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS): a WHO STEPS survey. J Nutr Metab. 2020;2020:1–9.
MoA. AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF ETHIOPIA: Natural Resources Management & Regulatory Department MoA. 1998.
Google Scholar
Getachew T, Defar A, Teklie H, Gonfa G, Bekele A, Bekele A, et al. Magnitude and predictors of excessive alcohol use in Ethiopia: findings from the 2015 national non-communicable diseases STEPS survey. Ethiop J Heal Dev. 2017;31:312–9.
Google Scholar
Kendagor A, Gathecha G, Ntakuka MW, Nyakundi P, Gathere S, Kiptui D, et al. Prevalence and determinants of heavy episodic drinking among adults in Kenya: analysis of the STEPwise survey, 2015. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:1216.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Teferra S. Substance use among university students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ethiop J Heal Dev. 2018;32:265–77.
Brooks SD, Harford TC. Occupation and alcohol-related causes of death. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1992;29:245–51.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Poortinga W. Associations of physical activity with smoking and alcohol consumption: a sport or occupation effect? Prev Med (Baltim). 2007;45:66–70.
Article
Google Scholar
Hong JW, Noh JH, Kim D-J. The prevalence of and factors associated with high-risk alcohol consumption in Korean adults: the 2009–2011 Korea National Health and nutrition examination survey. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0175299.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Marmot M. Inequality, deprivation and alcohol use. Addiction. 1997;92(SUPPL. 1):13–20.
Article
Google Scholar
Huckle T, You RQ, Casswell S. Socio-economic status predicts drinking patterns but not alcohol-related consequences independently. Addiction. 2010;105:1192–202.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Droomers M, Schrijvers CTM, Casswell S, Mackenbach JP. Occupational level of the father and alcohol consumption during adolescence; patterns and predictors. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003;57:704–10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Katikireddi SV, Whitley E, Lewsey J, Gray L, Leyland AH. Socioeconomic status as an effect modifier of alcohol consumption and harm: analysis of linked cohort data. Lancet Public Heal. 2017;2:e267–76.
Article
Google Scholar
Mulia N, Schmidt L, Bond J, Jacobs L, Korcha R. Stress, social support and problem drinking among women in poverty. Addiction. 2008;103:1283–93.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Körner C. The use of “altitude” in ecological research. Trends Ecol Evol. 2007;22:569–74.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Paavola M, Vartiainen E, Haukkala A. Smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity: a 13-year longitudinal study ranging from adolescence into adulthood. J Adolesc Health. 2004;35:238–44.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
De Leon J, Rendon DM, Baca-Garcia E, Aizpuru F, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Anitua C, et al. Association between smoking and alcohol use in the general population: stable and unstable odds ratios across two years in two different countries. Alcohol Alcohol. 2007;42:252–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Falk DE, Yi HY, Hiller-Sturmhöfel S. An epidemiologic analysis of co-occurring alcohol and tobacco use and disorders: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. Alcohol Res Heal. 2006;29:162–71.
Google Scholar
Drobes DJ. Concurrent alcohol and tobacco dependence mechanisms and treatment. Alcohol Res Heal. 2002;26:136–42.
Google Scholar
Shiffman S, Balabanis M. Associations between alcohol and tobacco. Alcohol Tob From Basic Sci Clin Pract. 1995;30:17–36.
Google Scholar
Al-Hebshi N, Skaug N. Khat (Catha edulis)—an updated review. Addict Biol. 2005;10:299–307.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Widler P, Mathys K, Brenneisen R, Kalix P, Fisch H-U. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of khat: A controlled study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994;55:556–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zein ZA. Polydrug abuse among Ethiopian university students with particular reference to khat (Catha edulis). J Trop Med Hyg. 1988;91:71–5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Omolo OE, Dhadphale M. Alcohol use among Khat (Catha) chewers in Kenya. Br J Addict. 1987;82:97–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eshetu E, Gedif T. Prevalence of Khat, cigarette and alcohol use among students of technology and pharmacy, Addis Ababa University. Ethiop Pharm J. 2007;24:116–24.
Article
Google Scholar
Kassa A, Wakgari N, Taddesse F. Determinants of alcohol use and khat chewing among Hawassa university students, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. Afr Health Sci. 2016;16:822–30.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cox G, Rampes H. Adverse effects of khat: a review. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2003;9:456–63.
Article
Google Scholar
Yohannes T, Melak F, Siraj K. Preparation and physicochemical analysis of some Ethiopian traditional alcoholic beverages. African J Food Sci. 2013;7:399–403.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Teshome DA, Rainer M, Noel J-C, Schüßler G, Fuchs D, Bliem HR, et al. Chemical compositions of traditional alcoholic beverages and consumers characteristics, Ethiopia. African J Food Sci. 2017;11:234–45.
CAS
Google Scholar
Collins SE. Associations between socioeconomic factors and alcohol outcomes. Alcohol Res Curr Rev. 2016;38:83–94.
Google Scholar
Foster HME, Celis-Morales CA, Nicholl BI, Petermann-Rocha F, Pell JP, Gill JMR, et al. The effect of socioeconomic deprivation on the association between an extended measurement of unhealthy lifestyle factors and health outcomes: a prospective analysis of the UK biobank cohort. Lancet Public Heal. 2018;3:e576–85.
Article
Google Scholar