UNICEF. Maternal Mortality. Available at https://data.unicef.org/topic/maternal-health/maternal-mortality/. Accessed on 29 Apr 2020.
WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, United Nations Population Division. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015. In: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations population division. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
Google Scholar
WHO. WHO Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience. Geneva: WHO; 2016. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK409110/. Accessed on 20 July 2020.
Google Scholar
WHO. Antenatal care coverage. Available at: https://www.who.int/whosis/whostat2006AntenatalCareCoverage.pdf. Accessed on 29 Apr 2020.
World Health Organization. World health statistics 2015: indicator compendium. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
Book
Google Scholar
Habibov NN, Fan L. Does prenatal healthcare improve child birthweight outcomes in Azerbaijan? Results of the national demographic and health survey. Econ Hum Biol. 2011;9(1):56–65.
Article
Google Scholar
Zhou H, Wang A, Huang X, Guo S, Yang Y, et al. Quality antenatal care protects against low birth weight in 42 poor counties of Western China. PLoS One. 2019;14(1):e0210393.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Grande M, Arigita M, Borobio V, Jimenez JM, Fernandez S, Borrell A. First-trimester detection of structural abnormalities and the role of aneuploidy markers. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012;39(2):157–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.10070.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Palomaki GE, Haddow JE, Beauregard LJ. Prenatal screening for Down's syndrome in Maine, 1980 to 1993. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(21):1409–10.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Backe B, Consultant JN. Effectiveness of antenatal care: a population based study. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 1993;100(8):727–32.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Linard M, Blondel B, Estellat C, Deneux-Tharaux C, Luton D, Oury J, et al. Association between inadequate antenatal care utilisation and severe perinatal and maternal morbidity: an analysis in the pre CARE cohort. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;125(5):587–95.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Arunda M, Emmelin A, Asamoah BO. Effectiveness of antenatal care services in reducing neonatal mortality in Kenya: analysis of national survey data. Glob Health Action. 2017;10(1):1328796. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2017.1328796.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Shibre G, Mekonnen W. Socio-economic inequalities in ANC attendance among mothers who gave birth in the past 12 months in Debre Brehan town and surrounding rural areas, North East Ethiopia: a community-based survey. Reprod Health. 2019;16:99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0768-8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Arthur E. Wealth and antenatal care use: implications for maternal health care utilization in Ghana. Heal Econ Rev. 2012;2(1):14.
Article
Google Scholar
Mezmur M, Navaneetham K, Letamo G, Bariagaber H. Socioeconomic inequalities in the uptake of maternal healthcare services in Ethiopia. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17:367.
Article
Google Scholar
Gebre E, Worku A, Bukola F. Inequities in maternal health services utilization in Ethiopia 2000-2016: magnitude, trends, and determinants. Reprod Health. 2018;15(1):119.
Article
Google Scholar
Goli S, Nawal D, Rammohan A, Sekher TV, Singh D. Decomposing the socioeconomic inequality in utilization of maternal health care services in selected countries of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. J Biosoc Sci. 2018;50(6):749–69. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932017000530.
Alam N, Hajizadeh M, Dumont A, Fournier P. Inequalities in maternal health care utilization in sub-Saharan African countries: a multiyear and multicountry analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0120922.
Article
Google Scholar
Yaya S, Uthman OA, Amouzou A, Ekholuenetale M, Bishwajit G. Inequalities in maternal health care utilization in Benin: a population based cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):194.
Article
Google Scholar
Rosário EVN, Gomes MC, Brito M, Costa D. Determinants of maternal health care and birth outcome in the Dande health and demographic surveillance system area, Angola. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0221280. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221280.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Instituto Nacional de Estatística - INE/Angola, Ministério da Saúde - MINSA/Angola, Ministério do Planeamento e do Desenvolvimento Territorial (MINPLAN) and ICF. Inquérito de Indicadores Múltiplos e de Saúde em Angola 2015-2016. Luanda, e Rockville: EUA: INE, MINSA, MINPLAN and ICF; 2017.
Google Scholar
WHO. Handbook on health inequality monitoring: with a special focus on low-and middle-income countries. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. p. 105.
Google Scholar
Yaya S, Ghose B. Global inequality in maternal health Care service utilization: implications for sustainable development goals. Health Equity. 2019;3(1):145–54. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2018.0082.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zhang R, Li S, Li C, Zhao D, Guo L, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities and determinants of maternal health services in Shaanxi Province, Western China. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0202129. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202129.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ali B, Chauhan S. Inequalities in the utilisation of maternal health Care in Rural India: Evidences from National Family Health Survey III & IV. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:369. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08480-4.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
World Health Organization. State of Inequality. Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health: WHO; 2015. Available from: World Health Organization. State of Inequality. Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health. Accessed on 20 July 2020.
CSDH. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. In: Final report of the commission on social determinants of health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
Google Scholar
World Bank. The World Bank in Angola. 2019. Available from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/angola/overview . Accessed on 09 May 2020.
Google Scholar
UNDP. Human Development Report 2019. Inequalities in Human Development in the 21st Century Briefing note for countries on the 2019 Human Development Report. Angola. Available from: https://www.ao.undp.org/content/dam/angola/docs/Publications/HDR%202019_Angola.pdf. Accessed 09 May 2020.
UNICEF. UNICEF Angola Situation Report. Angola humanitarian situation Report. 2017.
Google Scholar
Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT). Software for exploring and comparing health inequalities in countries. In: Built-in database edition. Version 3.1. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.
Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO). Mother-baby package: implementing safe motherhood in countries: practical guide. Geneva: Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood Programme, Division of Family Health. World Health Organization; 1996.
Google Scholar
Rutstein SO and Johnson K. The DHS wealth index. http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/CR6/CR6.pdf. Accessed on 23 Nov 2019.
World Health Organization. Maternal mortality. Factsheets, 2019. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality. Accessed on 21 July 2020.
Google Scholar
Barros A, Victora C, Horta B, Wehrmeister F, Bassani D, Silveira M, et al. Antenatal care and caesarean sections: trends and inequalities in four population-based birth cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil, 1982–2015. 2020. Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48(Supplement_1):i37–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy211.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Titaley CR, Hunter CL, Heywood P, Dibley MJ. Why don't some women attend antenatal and postnatal care services?: a qualitative study of community members' perspectives in Garut, Sukabumi and Ciamis districts of West Java Province, Indonesia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010;10:61. Published 2010 Oct 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-10-61.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fagbamigbe AF, Idemudia ES. Wealth and antenatal care utilization in Nigeria: policy implications. Health Care Women Int. 2017;38(1):17–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2016.1225743.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arthur E. Wealth and antenatal care use: implications for maternal health care utilisation in Ghana. Heal Econ Rev. 2012;2:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/2191-1991-2-14.
Article
Google Scholar
Kalu-Umeh NN, Sambo MN, Idris SH, Kurfi AM. Costs and patterns of financing maternal health care services in rural communities in northern Nigeria: evidence for designing national fee exemption policy. Int J MCH AIDS. 2013;2:163–72.
Article
Google Scholar
Dalinjong PA, Wang AY, Homer CSE. Has the free maternal health policy eliminated out of pocket payments for maternal health services? Views of women, health providers and insurance managers in northern Ghana. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0184830.
Article
Google Scholar
Browne JL, Kayode GA, Arhinful D, et al. Health insurance determines antenatal, delivery and postnatal care utilisation: evidence from the Ghana demographic and health surveillance data. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e008175. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008175.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Prenatal Care: Chapter 2 Barriers to the Use of Prenatal Care. Reaching Mothers, Reaching Infants. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK217704/. Accessed on 21 July 2020.
Okedo-Alex IN, Akamike IC, Ezeanosike OB, et al. Determinants of antenatal care utilisation in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e031890. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031890.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brown CA, Sohani SB, Khan K, et al. Antenatal care and perinatal outcomes in Kwale district, Kenya. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2008;8:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-8-2.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Greenaway ES, Leon J, Baker DP. Understanding the association between maternal education and use of health services in Ghana: exploring the role of health knowledge. J Biosoc Sci. 2012;44(6):733–47. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932012000041 Epub 2012 Mar 1.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tekelab T, Chojenta C, Smith R, Loxton D. Factors affecting utilization of antenatal care in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0214848.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Chanda SK, Ahammed B, Howlader MH, Ashikuzzaman M, Shovo TEA, et al. Factors associating different antenatal care contacts of women: a cross-sectional analysis of Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2014 data. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0232257. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232257.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stekelenburg J, Kyanamina S, Mukelabai M, Wolffers I, van Roosmalen J. Waiting too long: low use of maternal health services in Kalabo, Zambia. Tropical Med Int Health. 2004;9(3):390–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01202.x.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Soewondo P, Johar M, Pujisubekti R, Halimah H, Irawati DO. Inspecting Primary Healthcare Centers in Remote Areas: Facilities, Activities, and Finances. J Adm Kesehat Indones. 2019;7:89–98. https://doi.org/10.20473/jaki.v7i1.2019.89-98.
Article
Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa. WHO country cooperation strategy 2015–2019. Angola: World Health Organization. WHO Regional Office for Africa; 2016. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/250515.
Google Scholar