Changes in sedentary behaviour in European Union adults between 2002 and 2017

López-Valenciano, A.; Mayo, X.; Liguori, G.; Copeland, R. J.; Lamb, M.; Jimenez, A.

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09293-1

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Prevalence (%) of sedentary behaviour (>4h30min/day) in men and women of European Union (EU) countries and gender differences between 2002 and 2017

From: Changes in sedentary behaviour in European Union adults between 2002 and 2017

	Gender	2002					2005					2013					2017					2002–2017
	Gender	Sample	SB (%)	95% CI	Z-score	p-value	Sample	SB (%)	95% CI	Z-score	p-value	Sample	SB (%)	95% CI	Z-score	p-value	Sample	SB (%)	95% CI	Z-score	p-value	χ2	p-value
EU	Men^d	n = 7082	51.2	50.0–52.4	4.59	< 0.001	n = 11,286	49.4	48.5–50.3	4.67	< 0.001	n = 12,063	52.7	51.8–53.7	3.27	< 0.001	n = 12,115	55.8	54.9–56.8	4.45	< 0.001	311,002	< 0.001
EU	Women^c,d	n = 8281	47.6	46.6–48.7			n = 15,127	46.5	45.8–47.3			n = 14,925	50.7	49.8–51.5			n = 15,125	53.1	52.2–53.8			374,081	< 0.001
Country
Austria	Men^c,d	n = 387	41.1	36.2–46.0	0.54	0.59	n = 477	50.7	45.9–55.3	2.83	< 0.001	n = 476	58.6	53.8–63.0	0.33	0.74	n = 477	65.4	61.2–69.6	1.43	0.15	137,597	< 0.001
Austria	Women^b,c,d	n = 592	39.4	35.6–43.4			n = 504	59.7	55.6–63.9			n = 530	59.6	55.5–63.6			n = 534	61.1	56.9–65.5			149,116	< 0.001
Belgium	Men^b	n = 510	49.6	45.1–53.5	1.14	0.26	n = 469	60.6	56.3–65.0	3.64	< 0.001	n = 507	58.6	54.2–63.1	1.83	0.07	n = 466	58.4	53.6–62.9	0.19	0.85	100,024	< 0.001
Belgium	Women^d	n = 555	46.1	42.0–50.3			n = 495	48.9	44.7–53.1			n = 540	53.0	48.5–57.6			n = 519	59.0	55.1–63.4			102,617	< 0.001
Bulgaria	Men^c						n = 452	37.8	33.2–42.7	3.20	< 0.001	n = 468	54.9	50.2–59.2	1.79	0.07	n = 459	50.3	45.8–54.9	3.11	< 0.001	39,992	< 0.001
Bulgaria	Women^c,d						n = 501	48.1	44.1–52.5			n = 539	60.5	56.4–64.7			n = 556	60.1	55.9–63.8			25,428	< 0.001
Croatia	Men						n = 395	50.4	45.3–54.9	1.11	0.27	n = 439	55.6	50.8–60.4	0.25	0.80	n = 442	55.4	51.1–60.0	2.38	0.02	4711	0.318
Croatia	Women^c						n = 571	46.8	42.7–51.0			n = 553	54.8	50.6–59.0			n = 576	47.9	44.1–52.1			10,229	0.037
Cyprus	Men^c						n = 198	57.1	50.0–63.1	1.57	0.11	n = 225	52.4	45.8–59.1	0.18	0.86	n = 216	52.8	45.8–59.3	2.11	0.04	35,839	< 0.001
Cyprus	Women^c						n = 275	49.8	44.0–55.6			n = 258	51.6	45.3–57.4			n = 271	43.2	37.3–49.1			35,577	< 0.001
Czech Republic	Men						n = 459	58.8	54.0–63.4	0.49	0.62	n = 418	61.5	56.9–66.0	1.07	0.28	n = 430	61.6	57.2–66.3	0.28	0.78	24,993	< 0.001
Czech Republic	Women						n = 536	57.3	53.0–61.2			n = 580	58.1	54.7–62.1			n = 581	62.5	58.5–66.4			49,404	< 0.001
Denmark	Men	n = 489	66.1	62.0–70.3	0.70	0.48	n = 523	66.9	62.9–70.9	2.27	0.02	n = 483	72.1	67.9–75.8	0.26	0.80	n = 510	69.0	65.3–73.1	1.21	0.23	31,976	< 0.001
Denmark	Women^c	n = 499	68.1	63.9–72.1			n = 488	60.0	55.5–64.5			n = 509	71.3	67.6–75.0			n = 486	65.4	60.9–69.7			32,921	< 0.001
Estonia	Men^d						n = 311	49.5	44.1–55.3	1.08	0.28	n = 399	54.6	49.6–59.4	0.55	0.58	n = 344	59.0	54.1–64.2	0.82	0.41	36,826	< 0.001
Estonia	Women^d						n = 644	53.3	49.4–57.1			n = 594	56.4	52.5–60.4			n = 642	61.7	57.9–65.4			16,464	0.002
Finland	Men^a	n = 414	63.3	58.7–68.4	1.03	0.30	n = 399	56.1	51.1–61.4	2.02	0.04	n = 429	61.5	57.1–66.2	0.00	1.00	n = 493	54.2	49.5–58.6	0.74	0.46	17,986	0.006
Finland	Women^c	n = 563	60.0	56.0–64.1			n = 583	49.6	45.5–53.7			n = 525	61.5	57.5–65.7			n = 515	51.8	47.4–56.1			33,536	< 0.001
France	Men^d	n = 480	46.3	42.1–50.6	1.79	0.07	n = 444	42.1	37.8–46.8	0.84	0.40	n = 461	49.9	45.3–54.4	0.46	0.64	n = 433	54.0	49.7–58.7	1.71	0.09	35,693	< 0.001
France	Women^c,d	n = 531	40.7	36.2–45.2			n = 542	39.5	35.1–43.7			n = 541	48.4	44.0–52.5			n = 558	48.6	44.4–52.7			37,430	< 0.001
Germany	Men^d	n = 939	49.5	46.1–52.5	0.49	0.62	n = 678	54.4	50.9–58.1	2.69	0.01	n = 770	52.5	49.1–56.1	0.88	0.38	n = 776	57.2	53.6–60.8	2.80	0.01	81,819	< 0.001
Germany	Women	n = 1052	50.8	47.5–53.6			n = 834	47.5	44.2–51.0			n = 796	50.3	46.7–53.5			n = 801	50.2	46.7–53.7			74,897	< 0.001
Great Britain	Men^c,d	n = 333	45.7	40.5–51.1	0.97	0.33	n = 469	48.2	43.5–53.1	0.76	0.45	n = 458	60.7	56.3–65.3	2.54	0.01	n = 505	57.2	52.9–61.4	2.50	0.01	83,335	< 0.001
Great Britain	Women^c	n = 651	42.4	38.6–46.2			n = 520	45.8	41.7–49.8			n = 517	52.6	48.0–56.9			n = 510	49.4	44.7–53.5			78,646	< 0.001
Greece	Men^b	n = 481	49.9	44.9–53.6	0.67	0.50	n = 417	67.2	62.6–71.9	1.54	0.12	n = 469	59.5	54.8–64.0	2.17	0.03	n = 442	62.9	58.6–67.4	0.50	0.62	39,455	< 0.001
Greece	Women^b,d	n = 488	47.3	42.8–51.4			n = 562	71.7	67.8–75.4			n = 506	52.6	48.2–57.1			n = 537	64.4	60.3–68.5			89,735	< 0.001
Hungary	Men^d						n = 388	35.1	30.2–39.9	1.11	0.27	n = 412	35.0	30.6–39.6	2.10	0.04	n = 425	44.2	39.8–49.2	1.31	0.19	14,959	0.005
Hungary	Women^d						n = 602	38.5	34.9–42.4			n = 585	41.5	37.6–45.6			n = 608	48.4	44.4–52.8			17,964	0.001
Italy	Men^a	n = 481	55.3	50.5–59.7	1.00	0.32	n = 371	44.5	39.4–49.9	0.41	0.68	n = 444	47.1	42.8–51.6	2.14	0.03	n = 509	51.5	47.2–56.0	1.48	0.14	14,705	0.023
Italy	Women^a,d	n = 514	52.1	47.7–56.4			n = 598	43.1	39.1–47.0			n = 565	40.4	36.1–44.4			n = 517	56.1	52.0–60.3			39,341	< 0.001
Ireland	Men^d	n = 461	40.1	35.8–44.5	0.06	0.95	n = 427	42.2	37.5–47.1	2.42	0.02	n = 429	49.0	44.1–53.4	3.73	< 0.001	n = 471	52.4	48.2–56.9	2.84	< 0.001	100,620	< 0.001
Ireland	Women^d	n = 494	40.5	36.0–44.9			n = 541	34.6	30.3–38.4			n = 550	37.1	33.1–41.1			n = 514	43.4	39.3–47.5			56,911	< 0.001
Latvia	Men						n = 324	37.4	32.4–42.9	2.39	0.02	n = 446	48.4	43.7–53.1	1.34	0.18	n = 358	48.0	42.7–53.9	0.57	0.57	20,231	< 0.001
Latvia	Women						n = 609	45.5	41.9–49.3			n = 533	52.7	48.6–56.8			n = 613	49.9	46.2–53.7			13,730	0.008
Lithuania	Men^c,d						n = 353	30.3	25.2–35.1	2.71	0.01	n = 442	49.3	44.8–54.1	1.49	0.14	n = 367	49.1	44.1–54.0	0.46	0.65	113,428	< 0.001
Lithuania	Women^c						n = 605	39.0	35.2–43.1			n = 538	54.1	49.8–58.2			n = 631	50.6	46.9–54.5			110,817	< 0.001
Luxembourg	Men	n = 272	55.9	50.0–61.8	2.74	0.01	n = 194	57.7	51.0–64.4	3.50	< 0.001	n = 197	63.6	56.9–70.1	3.85	< 0.001	n = 196	57.1	50.5–63.8	1.73	0.08	18,303	0.006
Luxembourg	Women	n = 308	44.5	39.0–50.0			n = 278	41.4	35.6–47.1			n = 293	45.7	40.3–51.5			n = 289	49.1	43.3–55.0			18,322	0.005
Malta	Men						n = 157	43.3	36.3–51.0	4.82	< 0.001	n = 199	40.7	34.2–47.7	1.83	0.07	n = 211	47.4	40.8–53.6	0.07	0.94	36,146	< 0.001
Malta	Women^d						n = 326	22.1	18.1–26.4			n = 297	32.7	27.6–38.0			n = 289	47.1	41.5–52.9			68,420	< 0.001
Poland	Men^a						n = 413	51.6	47.0–56.7	0.35	0.73	n = 382	42.2	36.9–47.4	0.64	0.52	n = 396	48.7	43.7–53.8	1.69	0.09	22,746	< 0.001
Poland	Women^a						n = 537	52.7	48.4–57.0			n = 604	44.2	40.2–48.3			n = 585	43.3	39.1–47.2			22,650	< 0.001
Portugal	Men^d	n = 432	33.3	28.9–38.2	1.43	0.15	n = 387	26.9	22.2–31.3	1.16	0.25	n = 461	37.7	33.0–42.1	2.19	0.03	n = 435	47.1	42.5–51.7	1.55	0.12	63,050	< 0.001
Portugal	Women^d	n = 517	29.0	25.3–33.1			n = 581	23.6	20.3–27.0			n = 576	31.3	27.4–35.1			n = 633	42.3	38.4–46.1			97,001	< 0.001
Romania	Men^d						n = 432	30.1	26.2–34.7	0.90	0.37	n = 498	35.3	31.3–39.8	0.41	0.68	n = 460	41.7	36.7–45.9	0.71	0.48	31,476	< 0.001
Romania	Women^d						n = 528	27.5	23.7–31.1			n = 489	36.6	32.3–40.9			n = 514	39.5	34.8–43.6			30,620	< 0.001
Slovakia	Men^d						n = 392	44.9	39.8–49.7	1.52	0.13	n = 414	55.8	51.0–60.4	0.29	0.77	n = 472	58.5	54.0–63.1	1.02	0.31	38,269	< 0.001
Slovakia	Women						n = 637	49.8	46.0–53.7			n = 565	54.9	50.4–58.9			n = 614	55.4	51.3–59.4			31,092	< 0.001
Slovenia	Men^b						n = 434	47.7	43.1–52.1	0.44	0.66	n = 455	35.4	31.2–40.0	0.26	0.80	n = 463	43.0	38.7–47.3	1.58	0.11	25,593	< 0.001
Slovenia	Women^b,d						n = 551	46.3	41.9–50.3			n = 641	34.6	31.0–38.2			n = 553	47.9	43.6–52.1			48,760	< 0.001
Spain	Men	n = 452	43.8	39.2–48.7	0.19	0.85	n = 422	42.7	37.9–46.9	0.89	0.37	n = 464	46.3	41.8–50.4	1.79	0.07	n = 447	48.8	44.1–53.5	1.69	0.09	67,644	< 0.001
Spain	Women	n = 486	44.4	40.5–49.0			n = 565	39.8	36.1–43.7			n = 526	40.7	36.7–45.2			n = 555	43.4	39.5–47.7			50,332	< 0.001
Sweden	Men^d	n = 464	60.8	56.5–64.7	2.05	0.04	n = 563	56.0	51.9–60.0	1.34	0.18	n = 503	65.4	61.0–69.4	0.19	0.85	n = 543	66.9	63.0–70.9	0.68	0.49	33,950	< 0.001
Sweden	Women^c,d	n = 523	54.3	49.9–58.7			n = 458	51.8	47.2–56.3			n = 488	66.0	62.1–70.1			n = 491	68.8	65.2–72.7			53,305	< 0.001
The Netherlands	Men^d	n = 487	66.5	62.4–70.6	4.55	< 0.001	n = 493	74.0	70.0–78.1	4.36	< 0.001	n = 458	74.2	70.5–77.9	0.38	0.70	n = 533	82.0	79.2–85.2	1.73	0.08	52,244	< 0.001
The Netherlands	Women^c,d	n = 508	52.4	48.0–56.7			n = 501	61.1	57.1–65.3			n = 544	73.2	69.3–76.8			n = 469	77.6	73.8–81.2			129,678	< 0.001

CI Confidence intervals. Analysis of the adjusted standardised residuals: Higher observed cases than the expected on the >4h30min box for 2002 (a), 2005 (b), 2013 (c), and 2017 (d)

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