World Health Organization. Global Health Estimates 2016: Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000-2016. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018.
Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS]. 3303.0 – Causes of Death, Australia, 2016. 2017. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/B86F926987EE114CCA257E19000B92CB?Opendocument. Accessed 15 Nov 2017.
Armstrong G, Pirkis J, Arabena K, Currier D, Spittal MJ, Jorm AF. Suicidal behaviour in indigenous compared to non-indigenous males in urban and regional Australia: prevalence data suggest disparities increase across age groups. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2017;51:1240–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Atkinson J. Trauma trails: recreating song lines. Melbourne: Spinifex Press; 2002.
Google Scholar
Dudgeon P, Calma T, Holland C. The context and causes of the suicide of indigenous people in Australia. J Indigenous Wellbeing. 2017;2:5–15.
Google Scholar
Hunter E, Harvey D. Indigenous suicide in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. Emerg Med J. 2002;14:14–23.
Article
Google Scholar
Hunter E, Milroy H. Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander suicide in context. Arch Suicide Res. 2006;10:141–57.
Article
Google Scholar
Johnston E. Final report of the Royal Commission into aboriginal deaths in custody. Canberra: Australian government; 1991.
Google Scholar
Larney S, Topp L, Indig D, O’Driscoll C, Greenberg D. A cross-sectional survey of prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among prisoners in New South Wales, Australia. BMC Public Health. 2012;12.
Priest N, Paradies YC, Gunthorpe W, Cairney SJ, Sayers SM. Racism as a determinant of social and emotional wellbeing for aboriginal Australian youth. Med J Aust. 2011;194:546–50.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Procter NG. Parasuicide, self-harm and suicide in aboriginal people in rural Australia: a review of the literature with implications for mental health nursing practice. Int J Nurs Pract. 2005;11:237–41.
Article
Google Scholar
Ralph N, Hamaguchi K, Cox M. Transgenerational trauma, suicide and healing from sexual abuse in the Kimberley region. Aust Pimatisiwin. 2006;4:117–36.
Google Scholar
Silburn S, Robinson G, Leckning B, Henry D, Cox A, Kickett D. Preventing suicide among aboriginal Australians. In: Dudgeon P, Milroy H, Walker R, editors. Working together: aboriginal and Torres Strait islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice. 2nd ed. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia; 2014. p. 147–64.
Google Scholar
Stewart LM, Henderson CJ, Hobbs MST, Ridout SC, Knuiman MW. Risk of death in prisoners after release from jail. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2003;28:32–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Tatz C. Aboriginal suicide is different: a portrait of life and self-destruction. 2nd ed. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press; 2005.
Google Scholar
ATISISPEP. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Suicide Prevention Evaluation Project – Kimberly Roundtable Report. 2015: http://www.atsispep.sis.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2862603/Kimberley-Roundtable-Report-Final-March.pdf. Accessed 20 Dec 2017.
Calabria B, Doran CM, Vos T, Shakeshaft AP, Hall W. Epidemiology of alcohol-related burden of disease among indigenous Australians. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2010;34(Suppl 1):S47–51.
Article
Google Scholar
Commonwealth of Australia. Alcohol, hurting people and harming communities. 2015. https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House/Indigenous_Affairs/Alcohol/Report. Accessed 5 Dec 2017.
Measey MA, Li SQ, Parker R, Wang Z. Suicide in the Northern Territory, 1981-2002. Med J Aust. 2006;185:315–9.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moore E, Gaskin C, Indig D. Attempted suicide, self-harm, and psychological disorder among young offenders in custody. J Correct Health Care. 2015;21:243–54.
Article
Google Scholar
Soole R, Kolves K, De Leo D. Suicides in aboriginal and Torres Strait islander children: analysis of Queensland suicide register. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2014;38:574–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Gee G, Dudgeon P, Schultz C, Hart A, Kelly K. Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander social and emotional wellbeing. In: Dudgeon P, Milroy H, Walker R, editors. Working together: aboriginal and Torres Strait islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice. 2nd ed. Canberra: Australian Government Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet; 2014. p. 55–68.
Google Scholar
Shepherd SM, Adams Y, McEntyre E, Walker R. Violence risk assessment in Australian aboriginal offender populations – a review of the literature. Psychol Public Policy Law. 2014;20:281–93.
Article
Google Scholar
Wundersitz J. Indigenous perpetrators of violence: prevalence and risk factors for offending. Research and public policy series, 105. 2010. Accessed from: https://aic.gov.au/publications/rpp/rpp105. Accessed 30 Sept 2018.
Productivity Commission. Steering Committee for the Review of government service provision. Overcoming indigenous disadvantage: key indicators 2011. Canberra: Productivity Commission; 2011.
Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS]. 4517.0 – Prisoners in Australia, 2017. 2017. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/4517.0~2017~Main%20Features~Overview~3. Accessed 21 Nov 2017.
Fazel S, Ramesh T, Hawton K. Suicide in prisoners: an international study of prevalence and contributory factors. Lancet Psychiatry 2017;4:p946–952.
Article
Google Scholar
Fazel S, Bains P, Doll H. Substance abuse and dependence in prisoners: a systematic review. Addiction. 2006;101:181–91.
Article
Google Scholar
Fazel S, Seewald K. Severe mental illness in 33588 prisoners worldwide: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;200:364–73.
Article
Google Scholar
Fazel S, Cartwright J, Norman-Nott A, Hawton K. Suicide in prisoners: a systematic review of risk factors. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69:1721–31.
Article
Google Scholar
Kimonis ER, Skeem JL, Edens JF, Douglas KS, Lilienfeld SO, Poythress NG. Suicidal and criminal behavior among female offenders: the role of abuse and psychopathology. J Personal Disord. 2010;24:581–609.
Article
Google Scholar
Webster CD, Douglas KS, Eaves D, Hart SD. Assessing risk of violence to others. In: Webster CD, Jackson MA, editors. Impulsivity: theory, assessment, and treatment. New York: Guilford Press; 1997. p. 251–77.
Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Preventing suicide in jails and prisons. 2007. Accessed from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/resource_jails_prisons.pdf. Accessed 28 Dec 2017.
Baker A, Cussen T. Deaths in custody in Australia: National deaths in custody program 2011–12 and 2012–13. AIC Monitoring Reports 26. 2015. Accessed from: https://aic.gov.au/publications/mr/mr26. Accessed 30 Sept 2018.
Kariminia A, Law MG, Butler TG, Levy MH, Corben SP, Kaldor JM, Grant L. Suicide risk among recently released prisoners in New South Wales, Australia. Med J Aust. 2007;187:387–90.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pratt D, Piper M, Appleby L, Webb R, Shaw J. Suicide in recently released prisoners: a population-based cohort study. Lancet. 2006;368(9530):119–23.
Article
Google Scholar
Spittal MJ, Forsyth S, Pirkis J, Alati R, Kinner SA. Suicide in adults released from prison in Queensland, Australia: a cohort study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2014;68:993–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Willis M, Baker A, Cussen T, Patterson E. Self-inflicted deaths in Australian prisons. Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice (No. 513). 2016. Accessed from: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi513. Accessed 30 Sept 2018.
Grigg K, Ogloff JRP. Considerations for suicide prevention in Australia’s prisoners. InPsych. 2016;38(1). https://www.psychology.org.au/inpsych/2016/feb/grigg. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.
Indig D, Topp L, Ross B, Mamoon H, Border B, Kumar S, McNamara M. 2009 NSW inmate health survey: key findings report. Sydney: Justice Health; 2010.
Google Scholar
Indig D, McEntyre E, Page J, Ross B. 2009 NSW inmate health survey: aboriginal health report. Sydney: Justice Health; 2010.
Google Scholar
Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, Hergueta T, Baker R, Dunbar GC. The Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59(Suppl):22–33.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Verhoeven FEA, Swaab LSMA, Carlier IVE, van Hemert AM, Zitman FG, Ruhe HG, Schoevers RA, Giltay EJ. Agreement between clinical and MINI diagnoses in outpatients with mood and anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord. 2017;221:268–74.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Clough AR, D’Abbs P, Cairney S, Gray D, Maruff P, Parker R, O’Reilly B. Adverse mental health effects of cannabis use in two indigenous communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia: exploratory study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2005;39:612–20.
Article
Google Scholar
Fleming J, Gately N, Kraemer S. Creating HoPE: mental health in Western Australian maximum security prisons. Psychiatry Psychol Law. 2011;19:60–74.
Article
Google Scholar
Queensland Government. Inside out —the mental health of aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people in custody report. Brisbane: Queensland Government; 2009.
Google Scholar
Halacas C, Adams K. Keeping our mob healthy in and out of prison: exploring prison health in Victoria to improve quality, culturally appropriate health care for aboriginal people. Collingwood: Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation; 2015.
Google Scholar
Sareen J, Houlahan T, Cox B, Asmundson G. Anxiety disorders associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the national comorbidity survey. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2005;193:450–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Krysinska K, Lester D. Post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide risk: a systematic review. Arch Suicide Res. 2010;14:1–23.
Article
Google Scholar
Bromet EJ, Nock MK, Saha S, Lim CCW, Aguilar-Gaxio-la S, Al-Hamzawi A, et al. Association between psychotic experiences and subsequent suicidal thoughts and behaviors. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74:1136–44.
Article
Google Scholar
Goff A, Rose E, Rose S, Purves D. Does PTSD occur in sentenced prison populations? A systematic literature review. Crim Behav Ment Health. 2007;17:152–62.
Article
Google Scholar
Butler T, Andrews G, Allnutt S, Sakashita C, Smith NE, Basson J. Mental disorders in Australian prisoners: a comparison with a community sample. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006;40:272–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Shepherd S, Spivak B, Borschmann R, Kinner SA, Hachtel H. Correlates of self-harm and suicide attempts in justice-involved young people. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0193172.
Article
Google Scholar
Kenny DT, Lennings CJ, Munn OA. Risk factors for self-herm and suicide in incarcerated young offenders: implications for policy and practice. J Forensic Psychol Pract. 2008;8:358–82.
Article
Google Scholar
Heffernan E, Andersen K, Davidson F, Kinner SA. PTSD among aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people in custody in Australia: prevalence and correlates. J Trauma Stress. 2015;28:523–30.
Article
Google Scholar
Day A, Davey L, Wanganeen R, Howells K, DeSantolo J, Nakata M. The meaning of anger for Australian indigenous offenders. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2006;50:520–39.
Article
Google Scholar
Honorato B, Caltabiano N, Clough AR. From trauma to incarceration: exploring the trajectory in a qualitative study in male prison inmates from North Queensland, Australia. Health Justice. 2016;4:3.
Article
Google Scholar
Czyzewski K. Colonialism as a broader social determinant of health. Int Indigenous Policy J. 2011;2:1–14.
Paradies Y. Colonisation, racism and indigenous health. J Popul Res. 2016;33:83–96.
Article
Google Scholar
Sherwood J. Colonisation – it’s bad for your health: the context of aboriginal health. Contemp Nurse. 2013;46:28–40.
Article
Google Scholar
Lawson-Te Aho K, Liu JH. Indigenous suicide and colonization: the legacy of violence and the necessity of self-determination. Int J Confl Violence. 2010;4:124–33.
Google Scholar
Day A, Davey L, Wanganeen R, Casey S, Howells K, Nakata M. Symptoms of trauma, perceptions of discrimination, and anger. A comparison between Australian indigenous and nonindigenous prisoners. J Interpers Violence. 2008;23:245–58.
Article
Google Scholar
Hackett M, Farnbach S, Gallagher M, Skinner T, Teixeira-Pinto A, Askew D, Gee G, Cass A, Brown A. Getting it right: study protocol to determine the diagnostic accuracy of a culturally-specific measure to screen for depression in aboriginal and/or Torres Strait islander people. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e015009.
Article
Google Scholar
Greenland S, Mansournia MA, Altman DG. Sparse data bias: a problem hiding in plain sight. BMJ. 2016;352:1981.
Article
Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS]. 4727.0.55.001 – Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey: First Results, Australia, 2012–13. 2015. Accessed from: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/C0E1AC36B1E28917CA257C2F001456E3?opendocument.
Nadew GT. Exposure to traumatic events, prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol abuse in aboriginal communities. Rural Remote Health. 2012;12:1667.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Australian Government. National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Suicide Prevention Strategy. 2013. Accessed from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/mental-pub-atsi-suicide-prevention-strategy. Accessed 10 Nov 2017.
Closing the Gap Clearinghouse. Strategies to minimise the incidence of suicide and suicidal behaviour (Resource sheet No. 18). Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare & Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies; 2013.
Google Scholar
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The health of Australia’s prisoners 2015. Canberra: AIHW; 2015.
Google Scholar
Shepherd SM, Ogloff JRP, Thomas SDM. Are Australian prisons meeting the needs of indigenous prisoners? Health Justice. 2016;4:13.
Article
Google Scholar
Lafferty L, Treloar C, Chambers GM, Butler T, Guthrie J. Contextualising the social capital of Australian aboriginal and non-aboriginal men in prison. Soc Sci Med. 2016;167:29–36.
Article
Google Scholar
Shepherd SM, Delgado RH, Sherwood J, Paradies Y. The impact of indigenous cultural identity and cultural engagement on violent offending. BMC Public Health. 2018;18.