Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Variables | Ethnic origin n (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Europe | Middle East/North Africa | South Asia | |
n = 570 | n = 298 (52.3) | n = 118 (20.7) | n = 154 (27.0) | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Mothers | ||||
Maternal age, mean (SD) | 29.9 (4.8) | 30.7 (4.5) | 29.3 (5.5) | 27.8 (4.5) |
Prepregnant BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 24.5 (4.8) | 24.6 (4.7) | 26.1 (5.7) | 23.7 (4.3) |
Prepregnant weight status | ||||
Thinness, BMI < 18.5 | 30 (5.4) | 12 (4.1) | 6 (5.1) | 12 (7.9) |
Normal weight, BMI 18.5–25 | 313 (55.9) | 170 (58.2) | 52 (44.4) | 91 (60.3) |
Overweight, BMI > 25 | 217 (38.8) | 110 (37.7) | 59 (50.5) | 48 (31.8) |
missing | 10 | 6 | 1 | 3 |
Nulliparous | 267 (46.8) | 161 (54.0) | 41 (34.7) | 65 (42.2) |
Education | ||||
Primary education or less | 95 (16.8) | 15 (5.1) | 52 (44.1) | 28 (18.5) |
Completed high school/upper secondary | 214 (37.8) | 90 (30.5) | 47 (39.8) | 77 (50.3) |
Completed university/college education | 257 (45.4) | 190 (64.4) | 19 (16.1) | 48 (31.4) |
missing | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
Prepregnant regular physical activitya, n = 570 | 174 (30.6) | 132 (44.3) | 18 (15.3) | 24 (15.6) |
Gestational diabetes mellitusb, n = 556 | 180 (32.4) | 72 (24.7) | 41 (36.3) | 67 (44.1) |
Non-healthy dietc, n = 551 | 86 (15.6) | 15 (5.2) | 27 (25.0) | 44 (28.9) |
Smoking 3 months before pregnancy, n = 478 | 104 (21.8) | 90 (32.1) | 11 (12.5) | 3 (2.7) |
Children | ||||
Sex, boy (%) | 284 (49.8) | 157 (52.7) | 52 (44.1) | 75 (48.7) |
Birth weight (mean), g (SD) | 3431.1 (548.6) | 3577.9 (527.1) | 3413.4 (509.5) | 3226.1 (526.8) |
Subsample with data 3 months postpartum | ||||
Breast feeding 14 weeks postpartum, n = 472 | 404 (85.6) | 214 (84.9) | 80 (88.9) | 110 (84.6) |