Timmons BW, Naylor PJ, Pfeiffer KA. Physical activity for preschool children - how much and how? Can. Aust J Public Health. 2007;98:S122–34.
Google Scholar
Leblanc AG, Spence JC, Carson V, et al. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in the early years (aged 0-4 years). Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37:753–72.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tremblay MS, Chaput JP, Adamo KB, Aubert S, Barnes JD, Choquette L, et al. Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for the early years (0-4 years): an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(Suppl 5):874.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Garriguet D, Carson V, Colley RC, Janssen I, Timmons BW, Tremblay MS. Physical activity and sedentary behjaviour of Canadian children aged 3 to 5. Health reports [catalogue no. 82–003-X]. 2016.
Google Scholar
Vanderloo LM, Tucker P, Johnson AM, Van Zandvoort MM, Burke SM, Irwin JD. The iInfluence of Centre-based childcare on preschoolers' physical activity levels: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11:1794–802.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hinkley T, Salmon J, Okely AD, Hesketh K, Crawford D. Correlates of preschool children's physical activity. Am J Prev Med. 2012;43:159–67.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tucker P, Vanderloo LM, Burke SM, Irwin JD, Johnson AM. Prevalence and influences of preschoolers' sedentary behaviors in early learning centers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2015;15:128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-015-0441-5.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ward DS, Benjamin SE, Ammerman AS, Ball SC, Neelon BH, Bangdiwala SI. Nutrition and physical activity in child care: results from an environmental intervention. Am J Prev Med. 2008;35:352–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pate RR, Pfeiffer KA, Trost SG, Ziegler P, Dowda M. Physical activity among children attending preschools. Pediatrics. 2004;114:1258–63.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Finn K, Johannsen N, Specker B. Factors associated with physical activity in preschool children. J Pediatr. 2002;140:81–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cleveland G, Forer B, Hyatt D, Japel C, Krashinsky M. New evidence about child care in Canada: use patterns, affordability and quality. Inst Res Public Policies. 2008;14:1–44.
Google Scholar
Sinha M. Spotlight on Canadians: results from the general social survey: child care in Canada. 2014.
Google Scholar
Bushnik T. Child Care in Canada. 1–00. 2006. Statistics Canada. Ottawa: Children and Youth Research Paper Series.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Education at a glance 2017: OECD indicators. Paris: Publishing; 2017.
Google Scholar
Goldfield GS, Harvey A, Grattan K, Adamo KB. Physical activity promotion in the preschool years: a critical period to intervene. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012;9:1326–42.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Temple VA, Naylor PJ, Rhodes RE, Wharf Higgins J. Physical activity of children in family child care. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009;34(4):794–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brown WH, Pfeiffer KA, McIver KL, Dowda M, Addy CL, Pate RR. Social and environmental factors associated with preschoolers' nonsedentary physical activity. Child Dev. 2009;80(1):45–58.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vanderloo LM. Screen-viewing among preschoolers in childcare: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14:205.
Vanderloo LM, Tucker P, Johnson AM, Burke SM, Irwin JD. Environmental influences on preschoolers' physical activity levels in various early learning facilities. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2015;19:1–11.
Google Scholar
Dowda M, Brown WH, McIver KL, Pfeiffer KA, O'Neill JR, Addy CL, et al. Policies and characteristics of the preschool environment and physical activity of young children. Pediatrics. 2009;123(2):e261–6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Trost SG, Ward DS, Senso M. Effects of child care policy and environment on physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42:520–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hinkley T, Salmon J, Crawford D, Okely AD, Hesketh KD. Preschool and childcare center characteristics associated with children's physical activity during care hours: an observational study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016;13:117.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gubbels J, Van Kann DHH, Jansen MWJ. Play equipment, physical activity opportunities, and children's activity levels at childcare. J Environmental Pub Health. 2012;2012:8.
Vanderloo LM, Tucker P, Johnson AM, Holmes JD. Physical activity among preschoolers during indoor and outdoor childcare play periods. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013;38:1173–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gray C, Gibbons R, Larouche R, Sandseter EBH, Bienenstock A, Brussoni M, et al. What is the relationship between outdoor time and physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and physical fitness in children? A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12:6455–74.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Truelove S, Vanderloo L, Tucker P. Defining and measuring active play among young children: a systematic review. J Phys Act Health. 2016;14(2):155–66.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Erinosho T, Hales D, Vaughn A, Mazzucca S, WARD DS. Impact of policies on physical activity and screen time practices in 50 child-care centers in North Carolina. J Phys Act Health. 2016;13:59–66.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gerritsen S, Morton SMB, Wall CR. Physical activity and screen use policy and practices in childcare: results from a survey of early childhood education services in New Zealand. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2016;40:319–25.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
O'Neill JR, Dowda M, Benjamin Neelon SE, Neelon B, Pate RR. Effects of a new state policy on physical activity practices in child care centers in South Carolina. Am J Public Health. 2017;107:144–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wolfenden L, Neve M, Farrell L, et al. Physical activity policies and practices of childcare centres in Australia. J Paediatr Child Health. 2011;47:73–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vanderloo LM, Tucker P, Ismail A, Van Zandvoort MM. Physical activity opportunities in Canadian childcare facilities: a provincial/territorial review of legislation. J Phys Act Health. 2012;9:461–72.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alberta Government. Alberta child care accreditation standards. 2017.
Google Scholar
British Columbia Government. Director of licensing standard of practice - active play. 2017.
Google Scholar
Sedentary Behaviour Research Network. Standardized use of the terms "sedentary" and "sedentary behaviours". Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37:540–2.
Article
Google Scholar
He M, Irwin JD, Sangster Bouck LM, Tucker P, Pollett GL. Preschoolers' screen viewing behaviors among preschoolers: Parents' perceptions. Am J Prev Med. 2005;29(2):120–5.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
De Decker E, De Craemer M, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Wijndaele K, Duvinage K, Koletzo B, et al. Influencing factors of screen time in preschool children: an exploration of parents' perceptions through focus groups in six european countries. Obes Rev. 2013;13:75–84.
Article
Google Scholar
Hinkley T, Salmon J, Okely AD, Crawford D, Hesketh K. Preschoolers' physical activity, screen time, and compliance with recommendations. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44:458–65.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hoyos Cilero I, Jago R. Systematic review of correlates among screen-viewing among young children. Prev Med. 2010;51:3–10.
Article
Google Scholar
Canadian Paediatric Society, Digital Health Task Force. Screen time and young children: Promoting health and development in a digital world. Paediatrics & Child Health. 2017;22(8):461–68.
Childcare Resource and Research Unit. Early childhood education and Care in Canada. 2008.
Google Scholar
Carson V, Clark D, Ogden N, Harber V, Kuzik N. Short-term influence of revised provincial accreditation standards on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and weight status in Alberta, Canada child care centers. Early Childhood Educ J. 2015;43(6):459–65.
Article
Google Scholar
Candian Society of Exercise Physiology. Canadian physical activity guidelines for the early years: 0–4 years. 2012.
Google Scholar
Martyniuk O, Tucker P. An exploration of early childhood education students' knowledge and preparation to facilitate physical activity for preschoolers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:727. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-727.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ministere de la Famille. Gazelle et Potiron : Quebec. 2017.
Google Scholar
Shea S, Basch CE, Gutin B, et al. The rate of increase in blood pressure in children 5 years of age is related to changes in aerobic fitness and body mass index. Pediatrics. 1994;94:465–70.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Paik H, Comstock G. The effects of television violence on antisocial behaviour: a meta-analysis. Community Res. 1994;21:516–46.
Article
Google Scholar
Thompson DA, Christakis DA. The association between television viewing and irregular sleep schedules among children less than 3 years of age. Pediatrics. 2005;116:851–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pate RR, Dowda M, Brown WH, Mitchell J, Addy C. Physical activity in preschool children with the transition to outdoors. J Phys Act Health. 2013;10:170–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McKenzie TL, Sallis JF, Elder JP, et al. Physical activity levels and prompts in young children at recess: a two-year study of a bi-ethnic sample. Res Q Exer Sport. 1997;68:195–202.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Greever CJ, Sirard J, Alhassan S. Objective analysis of preschoolers' physical activity patterns during free playtime. J Phys Act Health. 2015;12(9):1253–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tucker P, Vanderloo LM, Burke SM, et al. Impact of the supporting physical activity in the childcare environment (SPACE) intervention on Preschoolers' physical activity levels and sedentary time: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14:120.
Article
Google Scholar
Tucker P, Gilliland J. The effect of season and weather on physical activity: a systematic review. Pub Health. 2007;121:909–22.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Carson V, Spence JC, Cutumisu N, Boule N, Edwards J. Seasonal variation in physical activity among preschool children in a northern Canadian city. Res Q Exer Sport. 2010;81:392–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Benjamin SE, Cradock A, Walker EM, Slining M, Gillman MW. Obesity prevention in child care: a review of U.S. state regulations. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:188.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Okely A, Ghersi D, Hesketh K, Santos R, Loughran SP, Cliff DP, et al. A collaborative approach to adopting/adapting guidelines - the Australian 24-hour movement guidelines for the early years (birth to 5 years): an integration of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(Suppl 5):869.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar