WHO. World malaria report 2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2016/malaria-control-africa/en/. Accessed 25 Feb 2017.
WHO. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/162441/1/9789241549127_eng.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 16 Oct 2016.
WHO. World malaria report 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/200018/1/9789241565158_eng.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2016.
D’Acremont V, Lengeler C, Mshinda H, Mtasiwa D, Tanner M, Genton B. Time to move from presumptive malaria treatment to laboratory-confirmed diagnosis and treatment in African children with fever. PLoS Med. 2009;6(1):e252.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
D’Acremont V, Kahama-Maro J, Swai N, Mtasiwa D, Genton B, Lengeler C. Reduction of anti-malarial consumption after rapid diagnostic tests implementation in Dar es salaam: a before-after and cluster randomized controlled study. Malar J. 2011;10(1):107.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chipwaza B, Mugasa JP, Mayumana I, Amuri M, Makungu C, Gwakisa PS. Self-medication with anti-malarials is a common practice in rural communities of Kilosa district in Tanzania despite the reported decline of malaria. Malar J. 2014;13(1):252.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Colvin CJ, Smith HJ, Swartz A, Ahs JW, de Heer J, Opiyo N, et al. Understanding careseeking for child illness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and conceptual framework based on qualitative research of household recognition and response to child diarrhoea, pneumonia and malaria. Soc Sci Med. 2013;86:66–78.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gera T, Shah D, Garner P, Richardson M, Sachdev HS. Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;6:1–61.
Google Scholar
WHO. WHO informal consultation on fever management in peripheral health care settings: aglobal review of evidence and practice. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/95116/1/9789241506489_eng.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2016.
Damien GB, Djènontin A, Rogier C, Corbel V, Bangana SB, Chandre F, et al. Malaria infection and disease in an area with pyrethroid-resistant vectors in southern Benin. Malar J. 2010;9:380.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ministère de la Santé. Secrétariat Général du Ministère. Direction de la Programmation et de la Prospective. Annuaire des statistiques sanitaires 2013. Ministère de la Santé; 2014. http://www.sante.gouv.bj/documents/Annuaire_2013.pdf. Accessed 18 Jan 2016.
Aubouy A, Fievet N, Bertin G, Sagbo JC, Kossou H, Kinde-Gazard D, et al. Dramatically decreased therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, but not mefloquine, in southern Benin. Tropical Med Int Health. 2007;12(7):886–94.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ogouyèmi-Hounto A, Ndam NT, KindeGazard D, et al. Prevalence of the molecular marker of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine in Benin seven years after the change of malaria treatment policy. Malar J. 2013;12:147.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ogouyemi-Hounto A, Kinde-Gazard D, Nahum A, Abdillahi A, Massougbodji A. Management of malaria in Benin: evaluation of the practices of healthcare professionals following the introduction of artemisinin derivatives. Med Trop. 2009;69(6):561–4.
CAS
Google Scholar
Chuma J, Okungu V, Molyneux C. Barriers to prompt and effective malaria treatment among the poorest population in Kenya. Malar J. 2010;9:144.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rowe AK, Onikpo F, Lama M, Osterholt DM, Rowe SY, Deming MS. A multifaceted intervention to improve health worker adherence to integrated management of childhood illness guidelines in Benin. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(5):837–46.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Littrell M, Gatakaa H, Evance I, Poyer S, Njogu J, Solomon T, et al. Monitoring fever treatment behaviour and equitable access to effective medicines in the context of initiatives to improve ACT access: baseline results and implications for programming in six African countries. Malar J. 2011;10:327.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gomes do Espirito Santo E, Floury B, Cissé M. What determines the choice of health care treatment in the town of Contonou (Benin)? Bull World Health Organ. 1998;76(2):195–201.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ouendo E-M, Makoutodé M, Paraiso MN, Wilmet-Dramaix M, Dujardin B. Therapeutic itinerary of poor patients in Benin (poverty and health care). Tropical Med Int Health. 2005;10(2):179–86.
Article
Google Scholar
Institut Nationale de la Statistique Appliquée à l’Economie (INSAE-Benin). Rapport de l’Enquête Démographique de Santé (EDS), 2012. Cotonou; 2013. http://www.insae-bj.org/enquete-demographique.html?file=files/enquetes.../eds/... Accessed 8 Apr 2015.
Ministère de la Santé. Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Bénin. Plan National stratégique 2006-2010 revue: Cotonou; 2007. http://portedoc.aucoeurdeshommes.org/files/Public/Informations%20Benin/palu%20benin.pdf. Accessed 12 Mar 2017.
Ministère du développement de l’analyse économique et de la prospective. Quatrième Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitation. Cotonou: INSAE; 2013. www.insae-bj.org/recensement-population.html?file=files/enquetes-recensements/rgph/RGPH4/Pricipaux%20indicateurs/R%C3%A9sultats_d%C3%A9finitifs_RGPH4.pdf. Accessed 13 Mar 2017.
Damien GB, Djènontin A, Chaffa E, Yamadjako S, Drame PM, Ndille EE, et al. Effectiveness of insecticidal nets on uncomplicated clinical malaria: a case-control study for operational evaluation. Malar J. 2016;15:102.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Govoetchan R, Gnanguenon V, Azondékon R, Agossa RF, Sovi A, Oké-Agbo F, et al. Evidence for perennial malaria in rural and urban areas under the Sudanian climate of Kandi, northeastern Benin. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:79.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Djènontin A, Bio-Bangana S, Moiroux N, Henry M-C, Bousari O, Chabi J, et al. Culicidae diversity, malaria transmission and insecticide resistance alleles in malaria vectors in Ouidah-Kpomasse-Tori district from Benin (West Africa): a pre-intervention study. Parasit Vectors. 2010;3:83.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cottrell G, Kouwaye B, Pierrat C, le Port A, Bouraïma A, Fonton N, et al. Modeling the influence of local environmental factors on malaria transmission in Benin and its implications for cohort study. PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e28812.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rowe AK, Onikpo F, Lama M, Cokou F, Deming MS. Management of Childhood Illness at health facilities in Benin: problems and their causes. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(10):1625–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
National Malaria Control Program, Bénin. National Strategic Plan 2010–2015. Cotonou; 2010. http://www.sante.gouv.bj/documents/PNLP/Plan_strategique_2011_2015.pdf. Accessed 12 Mar 2017.
Coopération Technique Belge. Focus 4e Programme Indicatif de Coopération. Bulletin d’information. 2013. http://www.sante.gouv.bj/documents/AIMS/bul_2013-03.pdf. Accessed 21 Dec 2017.
USAID. Soutien de base à l’institutionnalisation de la survie de l’enfant-III (BASICS III). Fiche d’information. 2013. https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/fact-sheets/basic-support-institutionalizing-child-survival-iii-basics-iii. Accessed 9 Dec 2017.
Dabis F, Desenclos J-C. Épidémiologie de terrain: Méthodes et applications. 1èreed. Paris: John Libbey Eurotext; 2012.
Leadd et Ministère de la santé, Bénin. Evaluation des activités de lutte contre le paludisme au Bénin, 2010. Cotonou; 2011. http://www.sante.gouv.bj/documents/PNLP/Rapport_MIS_2010_PNLP.pdf. Accessed 13 Mar 2017.
Axelson O, Fredriksson M, Ekberg K. Use of the prevalence ratio v the prevalence odds ratio as a measure of risk in cross sectional studies. Occup Environ Med. 1994;51(8):574.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
WHO. Antimalarial drug combination therapy: report of a technical consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/66952/1/WHO_CDS_RBM_2001.35.pdf. Accessed 13 Mar 2017.
Noedl H, Se Y, Sriwichai S, Schaecher K, Teja-Isavadharm P, Smith B, et al. Artemisinin resistance in Cambodia: a clinical trial designed to address an emerging problem in Southeast Asia. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(11):e82–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shah JA, Emina JBO, Eckert E, Ye Y. Prompt access to effective malaria treatment among children under five in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of national household survey data. Malar J. 2015;14:329.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Johansson EW, Gething PW, Hildenwall H, Mappin B, Petzold M, Peterson SS, et al. Effect of diagnostic testing on medicines used by febrile children less than five years in 12 malaria-endemic African countries: a mixed-methods study. Malar J. 2015;14:194.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Abokyi LN, Asante KP, Mahama E, Gyaase S, Sulemana A, Kwarteng A, et al. Use of Antimalarial in the Management of Fever during a community survey in the Kintampo districts of Ghana. PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0142106.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
ACTwatch Group & PACE/Uganda. Household survey, Uganda, 2012 survey report. Washington: Population Services; 2013. International. www.actwatch.info. Accessed Jan 2017.
Masanja IM, Selemani M, Khatib RA, Amuri B, Kuepfer I, Kajungu D, et al. Correct dosing of artemether-lumefantrine for management of uncomplicated malaria in rural Tanzania: do facility and patient characteristics matter? Malar J. 2013;12:446.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kassam R, Sekiwunga R, Collins JB, Tembe J, Liow E. Caregivers’ treatment-seeking behaviors and predictors of whether a child received an appropriate antimalarial treatment: a household survey in rural Uganda. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:478.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Opiyo N, Yamey G, Garner P. Subsidising artemisinin-based combination therapy in the private retail sector. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3:CD009926.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tabuti JRS. Herbal medicines used in the treatment of malaria in Budiope county, Uganda. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;116(1):33–42.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rutebemberwa E, Nsabagasani X, Pariyo G, Tomson G, Peterson S, Kallander K. Use of drugs, perceived drug efficacy and preferred providers for febrile children: implications for home management of fever. Malar J. 2009;8:131.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kassam R, Collins JB, Liow E, Rasool N. Caregivers’ treatment-seeking behaviors and practices in Uganda-a systematic review (part II). Acta Trop. 2015;152:269–81.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kabongo Kamitalu R, Aloni MN. High school students are a target Group for Fight against self-medication with Antimalarial drugs: a pilot study in University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. J Trop Med 2016;2016:6438639.
Wasunna B, Zurovac D, Goodman CA, Snow RW. Why don’t health workers prescribe ACT? A qualitative study of factors affecting the prescription of artemether-lumefantrine. Malar J. 2008;7:29.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Yeka A, Achan J, D’Alessandro U, Talisuna AO. Quinine monotherapy for treating uncomplicated malaria in the era of artemisinin-based combination therapy: an appropriate public health policy? Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9(7):448–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Achan J, Talisuna AO, Erhart A, Yeka A, Tibenderana JK, Baliraine FN, et al. Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the treatment of malaria. Malar J. 2011;10:144.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hensen B, Paintain LS, Shretta R, Bruce J, Jones C, Webster J. Taking stock: provider prescribing practices in the presence and absence of ACT stock. Malar J. 2011;10:218.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Flegg JA, CJE M, Gharbi M, Venkatesan M, Shewchuk T, Hopkins Sibley C, et al. Trends in antimalarial drug use in Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;89(5):857–65.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ameh S, Welaga P, Kabiru CW, Ndifon W, Ikpeme B, Nsan E, et al. Factors associated with appropriate home management of uncomplicated malaria in children in Kassena-Nankana district of Ghana and implications for community case management of childhood illness: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:458.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Baxerres C. Fake drugs, what are we talking about? Counterfeit drugs, informal market, quality of pharmaceutical. Thought from an anthropological study led in Benin. Bull SocPatholExot. 2014;107(2):121–6.
CAS
Google Scholar
Baxerres C. Contrefaçon pharmaceutique : la construction sociale d’un problème de santé publique. In : Egrot M, Desclaux A (eds). Anthropologie du médicament au Sud. La pharmaceuticalisation à ses marges, Paris, 2015, L’Harmattan - Editions de l’IRD, Collections Anthropologies et Médecines, p. 129-146.
Ouédraogo LT, Somé IT, Diarra M, Guissou IP. Self-medication in the treatment of acute malaria: study based on users of private health drug stores in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2008;101(2):124–7.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Abdelgader TM, Ibrahim AM, Elmardi KA, Githinji S, Zurovac D, Snow RW, et al. Progress towards implementation of ACT malaria case-management in public health facilities in the republic of Sudan: a cluster-sample survey. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:11.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kangwana BB, Njogu J, Wasunna B, Kedenge SV, Memusi DN, Goodman CA, et al. Malaria drug shortages in Kenya: a major failure to provide access to effective treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;80(5):737–8.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zurovac D, Tibenderana JK, Nankabirwa J, Ssekitooleko J, Njogu JN, Rwakimari JB, et al. Malaria case-management under artemether-lumefantrine treatment policy in Uganda. Malar J. 2008;7:181.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Akweongo P, Agyei-Baffour P, Sudhakar M, Simwaka BN, Konaté AT, Adongo PB, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of ACT for the community case management of malaria in urban settings in five African sites. Malar J. 2011;10:240.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ansah EK, Whitty CJ, Bart-Plange C, Gyapong M. Changes in the availability and affordability of subsidised artemisinin combination therapy in the private drug retail sector in rural Ghana: before and after the introduction of the AMFm subsidy. Int Health. 2016;8(6):427–32.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lemma H, Löfgren C, San SM. Adherence to a six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine among uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum patients in the Tigray region. Ethiopia Malar J. 2011;10:349.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Anonymous. Health communication, Capacity Collaborative. Desk review and qualitative assessment of case management social and behavior change communication strategies in four countries: Ethiopia, Rwanda, Senegal and Zambia. 2012. https://www.pmi.gov/docs/default-source/default-document-library/implementing-partner-reports/desk-review-and-qualitative-assessment-of-case-management-social-and-behavior-change-communication-strategies-ethiopia-rwanda-senegal-and-zambia.pdf%27. Accessed 13 Jan 2017.
Kidane G, Morrow RH. Teaching mothers to provide home treatment of malaria in Tigray, Ethiopia: a randomized trial. Lancet. 2000;356(9229):550–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Integrated Community Case Management of Childhood Illness: Documentation of Best Practices and Bottlenecks to Program Implementation in Senegal. Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program. USAID; 2012. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnadz684.pdf. Accessed Feb 2017.
Steinhardt LC, Onikpo F, Kouamé J, Piercefield E, Lama M, Deming MS, et al. Predictors of health worker performance after integrated Management of Childhood Illness training in Benin: a cohort study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:276.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Naugle DA, Hornik RC. Systematic review of the effectiveness of mass media interventions for child survival in low- and middle-income countries. J Health Commun. 2014;19(Suppl 1):190–215.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bowen HL. Impact of a mass media campaign on bed net use in Cameroon. Malar J. 2013;12:36.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar