Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis of soil-transmitted helminth infection and potential risk factors among study participants
Variables | Positive No. (%) | Negative No. (%) | Total n = 324 | Crude PR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||||
Male | 6 (15.8) | 32 (84.2) | 38 | 1.9 (0.8–4.3) | 0.135 | ||
Female | 24 (8.4) | 262 (91.6) | 286 | ||||
Age in years | |||||||
< 40 | 6 (6.6) | 85 (93.4) | 91 | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) | 0.310 | ||
≥ 40 | 24 (10.3) | 209 (89.7) | 233 | ||||
Monthly family income (Thai Baht) | |||||||
< 10,000 | 14 (11.0) | 113 (89.0) | 127 | 1.4 (0.7–2.7) | 0.380 | ||
≥ 10,001 | 16 (8.1) | 181 (91.9) | 197 | ||||
Education | |||||||
Primary/secondary school | 30 (9.9) | 273 (90.1) | 303 | ||||
Bachelor’s degree or higher | 0 (0) | 21 (100) | 21 | ||||
Wears shoes when outside | |||||||
No | 1 (20.0) | 4 (80) | 5 | 2.2 (0.4–13.1) | 0.387 | ||
Yes | 29 (9.1) | 290 (90.9) | 319 | ||||
Wear boots when on farm | |||||||
No | 1 (14.3) | 6 (85.7) | 7 | 1.6 (0.3–9.9) | 0.636 | ||
Yes | 29 (9.1) | 288 (90.9) | 317 | ||||
Open-field defecation | |||||||
Yes | 29 (11.0) | 235 (89.0) | 264 | 6.6 (0.9–47.4) | 0.061 | 5.5 (0.7–41.2) | 0.099 |
No | 1 (1.7) | 59 (98.3) | 60 | ||||
Have dogs at home | |||||||
Yes | 23 (12.0) | 168 (88.0) | 191 | 2.3 (1.0–5.2) | 0.047 | 1.6 (0.7–3.7) | 0.276 |
No | 7 (5.3) | 126 (94.7) | 133 | ||||
Have cats at home | |||||||
Yes | 12 (8.7) | 126 (91.3) | 138 | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 0.763 | ||
No | 18 (9.7) | 168 (90.3) | 186 | ||||
Contact with domestic animals | |||||||
Yes | 27 (11.2) | 215 (88.8) | 242 | 3.1 (1.0–9.8) | 0.061 | 2.5 (0.8–7.8) | 0.131 |
No | 3 (3.7) | 79 (96.3) | 82 | ||||
Wash hands after touching animals | |||||||
No | 1 (10.0) | 9 (90.0) | 10 | 1.1 (0.2–7.2) | 0.934 | ||
Yes | 29 (9.2) | 285 (90.8) | 314 | ||||
Drinks purified water | |||||||
Not boiled or filtered | 10 (14.3) | 60 (85.7) | 70 | 1.8 (0.9–3.7) | 0.101 | ||
Boiled or filtered | 20 (7.9) | 234 (92.1) | 254 | ||||