Global Health Observatory (GHO) data - HIV/AIDS [http://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en/.]
Nigeria: WHO statistical profile [http://www.who.int/gho/countries/nga.pdf?ua=1.]
HIV and AIDS in Nigeria [ http://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-africa/nigeria.]
Whiteside A. HIV/AIDS: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008.
Book
Google Scholar
Oguntibeju OO: Quality of life of people living with HIV and AIDS and antiretroviral therapy. HIV/Aids (Auckland, NZ) 2012, 4:117.
Adewuya AO, Afolabi MO, Ola BA, Ogundele OA, Ajibare AO, Oladipo BF, et al. Relationship between depression and quality of life in persons with HIV infection in Nigeria. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2008;38(1):43–51.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gonzalez JS, Batchelder AW, Psaros C, Safren SA. Depression and HIV/AIDS treatment nonadherence: a review and meta-analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;58(2):181–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gupta R, Dandu M, Packel L, Rutherford G, Leiter K, Phaladze N, et al. Depression and HIV in Botswana: a population-based study on gender-specific socioeconomic and behavioral correlates. PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e14252.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nakimuli-Mpungu E, Bass JK, Alexandre P, Mills EJ, Musisi S, Ram M, et al. Depression, alcohol use and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(8):2101–18.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ndu A, Arinze-Onyia S, Aguwa E, Obi I. Prevalence of depression and role of support groups in its management: a study of adult HIV/AIDS patients attending HIV/AIDS clinic in a tertiary health facility in South-eastern Nigeria. J Public Health Epidemiol. 2011;3(4):182–6.
Google Scholar
Olley B, Seedat S, Nei D, Stein D. Predictors of major depression in recently diagnosed patients with HIV/AIDS in South Africa. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2004;18(8):481–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sale S, Gadanya M. Prevalence and factors associated with depression in HIV/AIDS patients aged 15–25 years at Aminu Kano teaching hospital, Nigeria. J Child and Adolesc Mental Health. 2008;20(2):95–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Savard J, Laberge B, Gauthier JG, Bergeron MG. Screening clinical depression in HIV-seropositive patients using the hospital anxiety and depression scale. AIDS Behav. 1999;3(2):167–75.
Article
Google Scholar
Sherr L, Clucas C, Harding R, Sibley E, Catalan J. HIV and depression–a systematic review of interventions. Psychol Health Med. 2011;16(5):493–527.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Igie I, Udoh M: Prevalence of depression in HIV/AIDS patients, Lagos state university hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria. International AIDS society. In: 6th IAS conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention: Rome, Italy: July 17–20, 2011.
Adewuya AO, Afolabi MO, Ola BA, Ogundele OA, Ajibare AO, Oladipo BF. Psychiatric disorders among the HIV-positive population in Nigeria: a control study. J Psychosom res. 2007;63(2):203–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chibanda D, Cowan F, Gibson L, Weiss HA, Lund C. Prevalence and correlates of probable common mental disorders in a population with high prevalence of HIV in Zimbabwe. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):55.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brandt R. The mental health of people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa: a systematic review. Afr J AIDS Res. 2009;8(2):123–33.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Primeau MM, Avellaneda V, Musselman D, St Jean G, Illa L. Treatment of depression in individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Psychosomatics. 2013;54(4):336–44.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kidia K, Machando D, Bere T, Macpherson K, Nyamayaro P, Potter L, et al. ‘I <?show [?A3B2 twb=.27w?]?><?show [?A3B2 tlsb=-.09pt?]?>was thinking too much’: experiences of HIV-positive adults with common mental disorders and poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe. Tropical med Int Health. 2015;20(7):903–13.
Article
Google Scholar
Yi S, Chhoun P, Suong S, Thin K, Brody C, Tuot S. AIDS-related stigma and mental disorders among people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study in Cambodia. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0121461.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Olisah V, Baiyewu O, Sheikh T. Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in depressed patients with HIV/AIDS attending a Nigerian university teaching hospital clinic: original article. Afr J Psychiatry. 2010;13(4):275–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Catalan J, Harding R, Sibley E, Clucas C, Croome N, Sherr L. HIV infection and mental health: suicidal behaviour–systematic review. Psychol Health Med. 2011;16(5):588–611.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carrico AW, Johnson MO, Morin SF, Remien RH, Charlebois ED, Steward WT, et al. Correlates of suicidal ideation among HIV-positive persons. Aids. 2007;21(9):1199–203.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kalichman SC, Heckman T, Kochman A, Sikkema K, Bergholte J. Depression and thoughts of suicide among middle-aged and older persons living with HIV-AIDS. Psychiatr Serv. 2000;51(7):903–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oladeji BD, Taiwo B, Mosuro O, Fayemiwo SA, Abiona T, Fought AJ, Robertson K, Ogunniyi A, Adewole IF: Suicidal Behavior and Associations with Quality of Life among HIV/AIDS-Infected Patients in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care. 2015.
Chikezie U, Otakpor A, Kuteyi O, James B. Suicidality among individuals with HIV/AIDS in Benin City, Nigeria: a case-control study. AIDS Care. 2012;24(7):843–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Neuman MG, Schneider M, Nanau RM, Parry C. Alcohol consumption, progression of disease and other comorbidities, and responses to antiretroviral medication in people living with HIV. AIDS Res Treat. 2012;2012:751827.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hahn JA, Woolf-King SE, Muyindike W. Adding fuel to the fire: Alcohol’s effect on the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Current HIV/AIDS Reports. 2011;8(3):172.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Farley J, Miller E, Zamani A, Tepper V, Morris C, Oyegunle M, et al. Screening for hazardous alcohol use and depressive symptomatology among HIV-infected patients in Nigeria: prevalence, predictors, and association with adherence. J Int Assoc Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC). 2010;9(4):218–26.
Article
Google Scholar
Stein M, Herman DS, Trisvan E, Pirraglia P, Engler P, Anderson BJ. Alcohol use and sexual risk behavior among human immunodeficiency virus–positive persons. Alcohol Clin exp res. 2005;29(5):837–43.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lucas GM, Gebo KA, Chaisson RE, Moore RD. Longitudinal assessment of the effects of drug and alcohol abuse on HIV-1 treatment outcomes in an urban clinic. Aids. 2002;16(5):767–74.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morris CN, Levine B, Goodridge G, Luo N, Ashley J. Three-country assessment of alcohol-HIV related policy and programmatic responses in Africa. Afr J Drug Alcohol Stud. 2006;5(2):169–84.
Google Scholar
Yerly S, Kaiser L, Race E, Bru JP, Clavel F, Perrin L. Transmission of antiretroviral-drug-resistant HIV-1 variants. Lancet. 1999;354(9180):729–33.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Deeks SG. Treatment of antiretroviral-drug-resistant HIV-1 infection. Lancet. 2003;362(9400):2002–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dowling NA, Cowlishaw S, Jackson AC, Merkouris SS, Francis KL, Christensen DR. Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in treatment-seeking problem gamblers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2015;49(6):519–39.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kessler R, Adler L, Berglund P, Green JG, McLaughlin K, Fayyad J, et al. The effects of temporally secondary co-morbid mental disorders on the associations of DSM-IV ADHD with adverse outcomes in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Psychol med. 2014;44(08):1779–92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Israelski DM, Prentiss DE, Lubega S, Balmas G, Garcia P, Muhammad M, et al. Psychiatric co-morbidity in vulnerable populations receiving primary care for HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care. 2007;19(2):220–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dean A, Arner T, Sunki G, Friedman R, Lantinga M, Sangam S, Zubieta J, Sullivan K, Brendel K, Gao Z: Epi Info™, A database and statistics program for public health professionals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 2007.
Salkind NJ, editor. Encyclopedia of research design. Vol. 1. California: Sage; 2010.
Singh YK. Fundamental of research methodology and statistics. New Delhi: New Age International; 2006.
Google Scholar
Wittchen H-U. Reliability and validity studies of the WHO-composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI): a critical review. J Psychiatr res. 1994;28(1):57–84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gelaye B, Williams MA, Lemma S, Deyessa N, Bahretibeb Y, Shibre T, et al. Diagnostic validity of the composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI) depression module in an east African population. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2013;46(4):387–405.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gureje O, Von Korff M, Kola L, Demyttenaere K, He Y, Posada-Villa J, et al. The relation between multiple pains and mental disorders: results from the world mental health surveys. Pain. 2008;135(1):82–91.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Haro JM, Arbabzadeh-Bouchez S, Brugha TS, De Girolamo G, Guyer ME, Jin R, et al. Concordance of the composite international diagnostic interview version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) with standardized clinical assessments in the WHO world mental health surveys. Int J Methods Psychiatr res. 2006;15(4):167–80.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Üstün T, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Chatterji S, Mathers C, Murray CJ. Global burden of depressive disorders in the year 2000. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;184(5):386–92.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mohammed A, Said JM, Wakil MA, Rabbebe IB, Sheikh T, Agunbiade S. Unrecognized psychiatric disorders among adult patients admitted into a general hospital in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;19:197.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Process of translation and adaptation of instruments [http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en/].
Wakawa IA, Said JM, Abba WM, Shehu S, Rabbebe IB, Beida O. The impact of comorbid clinical depression on the health-related quality of life of adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Maiduguri, northeastern Nigeria. Indian J Psychol Med. 2014;36(4):408.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lee S, Tsang A, Breslau J, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Angermeyer M, Borges G, et al. Mental disorders and termination of education in high-income and low- and middle-income countries: epidemiological study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;194(5):411–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
IBM. IBM SPSS statistics version 21. Boston: Mass: International Business Machines Corp; 2012.
Google Scholar
Ferrari AJ, Charlson FJ, Norman RE, Patten SB, Freedman G, Murray CJ, et al. Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. PLoS med. 2013;10(11):e1001547.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Abas M, Ali GC, Nakimuli-Mpungu E, Chibanda D. Depression in people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: time to act. Tropical med Int Health. 2014;19(12):1392–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Feuillet P, Lert F, Tron L, Aubriere C, Spire B, Dray-Spira R. Prevalence of and factors associated with depression among people living with HIV in France. HIV Medicine. 2016;
Andrade L, Caraveo-anduaga JJ, Berglund P, Bijl RV, Graaf RD, Vollebergh W, et al. The epidemiology of major depressive episodes: results from the international consortium of psychiatric epidemiology (ICPE) surveys. Int J Methods Psychiatr res. 2003;12(1):3–21.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Akhtar-Danesh N, Landeen J. Relation between depression and sociodemographic factors. Int J Ment Heal Syst. 2007;1:1.
Article
Google Scholar
Petersen I, Fairall L, Egbe CO, Bhana A. Optimizing lay counsellor services for chronic care in South Africa: a qualitative systematic review. Patient Educ Couns. 2014;95(2):201–10.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gaynes BN, O’Donnell J, Nelson E, Heine A, Zinski A, Edwards M, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity in depressed HIV-infected individuals: common and clinically consequential. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2015;37(4):277–82.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kinyanda E, Hoskins S, Nakku J, Nawaz S, Patel V. The prevalence and characteristics of suicidality in HIV/AIDS as seen in an African population in Entebbe district, Uganda. BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12(1):63.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dabaghzadeh F, Jabbari F, Khalili H, Abbasian L. Associated factors of suicidal thoughts in HIV-positive individuals. Iran J Psychiatry. 2015;10(3):185–91.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Soboka M, Tesfaye M, Feyissa GT, Hanlon C. Alcohol use disorders and associated factors among people living with HIV who are attending services in south west Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7(1):828.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Galvan FH, Bing EG, Fleishman JA, London AS, Caetano R, Burnam MA, et al. The prevalence of alcohol consumption and heavy drinking among people with HIV in the United States: results from the HIV cost and services utilization study. J Stud Alcohol. 2002;63(2):179–86.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Williams EC, Bradley KA, Balderson BH, McClure JB, Grothaus L, McCoy K, et al. Alcohol and associated characteristics among older persons living with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy. Subst Abus. 2014;35(3):245–53.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Molina PE, Bagby GJ, Nelson S. Biomedical consequences of alcohol use disorders in the HIV-infected host. Curr HIV res. 2014;12(4):265–75.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fisher JC, Bang H, Kapiga SH. The association between HIV infection and alcohol use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of African studies. Sex Transm Dis. 2007;34(11):856–63.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chibanda D, Cowan F, Verhey R, Machando D, Abas M, Lund C. Lay health Workers’ experience of delivering a problem solving therapy intervention for common mental disorders among people living with HIV: a qualitative study from Zimbabwe. Community Ment Health J. 2016;53(2):143–53.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tsai AC: Reliability and validity of depression assessment among persons with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1999) 2014, 66(5):503-511.
World Health Organization: mhGAP intervention guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings: mental health gap Action Programme (mhGAP) – version 2.0. In. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2016.
World Health Organization. Mental health gap Action Programme: scaling up care for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders. Geneva: WHO Press; 2008.
Google Scholar