Table 1 Demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the study population, stratified by sex

n

596

287 (48.2)

309 (51.8)

Age (year)

49.4 ± 19.7

48.7 ± 19.9

50.0 ± 19.4

0.425

Height (cm)

162.9 ± 10.1

169.2 ± 8.2

157.1 ± 8.0

<0.001

Weight (kg)

74.9 ± 17.6

79.7 ± 18.0

70.4 ± 16.1

<0.001

Body Mass Index (kg/m²)

28.2 ± 6.2

27.8 ± 5.6

28.6 ± 6.6

0.107

Waist circumference (cm)

95.4 ± 16.2

97.9 ± 16.5

93.0 ± 15.6

<0.001

Hip circumference (cm)

104.6 ± 12.0

102.6 ± 10.5

106.6 ± 13.0

<0.001

Waist to hip ratio

0.91 ± 0.10

0.95 ± 0.10

0.87 ± 0.09

<0.001

Neck circumference (cm)

37.6 ± 4.5

40.2 ± 3.9

35.2 ± 3.6

<0.001

Total body fat (%)

30.2 ± 10.4

24.3 ± 8.5

35.7 ± 9.0

<0.001

Lean body mass (kg)

51.4 ± 10.7

59.3 ± 9.3

44.0 ± 5.4

<0.001

 Illiterate/Few grades of elementary school

81 (13.6)

36 (12.5)

45 (14.6)

0.543

 Elementary school graduate

198 (33.2)

92 (32.0)

106 (34.3)

 Three grade high school graduate

88 (14.7)

48 (16.7)

40 (12.9)

 Six grade high school graduate

153 (25.7)

78 (27.2)

75 (24.3)

 College/University graduate

76 (12.8)

33 (11.5)

43 (13.9)