|
Control variables
|
|
Yearly health check-ups
|
|
At least once per year
|
4.43 (3.35–5.86)
|
4.45 (3.35–5.92)
|
9.02 (7.05–11.52)
|
7.01 (5.46–9.01)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Less often or never
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
GP visit in past 12 months
|
|
Yes
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
4.43 (3.35–5.86)
|
4.40 (3.31–5.85)
|
9.02 (7.05–11.52)
|
7.00 (5.45–8.98)
|
|
No
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Diagnosis of health conditions in past 12 months
|
|
None
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
1 condition
|
2.30 (1.77–3.00)
|
2.11 (1.61–2.76)
|
3.40 (2.72–4.24)
|
2.57 (2.04–3.24)
|
1.37 (1.12–1.67)
|
1.21 (0.99–1.49)
|
2.13 (1.88–2.42)
|
1.82 (1.60–2.08)
|
|
2 conditions
|
3.71 (2.36–5.86)
|
3.36 (2.09–5.38)
|
5.64 (3.92–8.12)
|
3.72 (2.55–5.42)
|
2.06 (1.58–2.68)
|
1.76 (1.33–2.32)
|
2.87 (2.44–3.37)
|
2.37 (2.00–2.81)
|
|
3 or more conditions
|
4.23 (2.21–8.10)
|
4.37 (2.23–8.56)
|
6.23 (4.10–9.45)
|
3.17 (2.03–4.94)
|
1.73 (1.21–2.47)
|
1.39 (0.95–2.03)
|
3.90 (3.26–4.66)
|
3.08 (2.52–3.77)
|
|
Socio-demographic characteristics
|
|
Remoteness
|
|
Major City
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Inner Regional
|
0.72 (0.58–0.88)
|
0.68 (0.54–0.85)
|
0.73 (0.62–0.88)
|
0.77 (0.64–0.94)
|
0.95 (0.78–1.15)
|
1.05 (0.86–1.28)
|
0.95 (0.84–1.08)
|
0.97 (0.84–1.11)
|
|
Outer Regional
|
0.69 (0.55–0.86)
|
0.67 (0.53–0.85)
|
0.89 (0.73–1.08)
|
0.92 (0.74–1.13)
|
0.96 (0.78–1.18)
|
1.09 (0.87–1.36)
|
0.97 (0.85–1.11)
|
0.96 (0.83–1.11)
|
|
Education
|
|
Completed Year12
|
1.23 (1.02–1.49)
|
1.25 (1.00–1.55)
|
1.07 (0.92–1.24)
|
1.16 (0.97–1.37)
|
1.08 (0.90–1.29)
|
0.98 (0.81–1.20)
|
0.78 (0.70–0.86)
|
0.73 (0.65–0.82)
|
|
Did not complete Year12
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Country of birth
|
|
Australia
|
1.22 (0.98–1.51)
|
1.31 (1.03–1.66)
|
1.04 (0.87–1.24)
|
1.10 (0.90–1.33)
|
0.89 (0.73–1.09)
|
0.78 (0.63–0.97)
|
0.97 (0.86–1.09)
|
0.88 (0.77–1.00)
|
|
Overseas
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Marital status
|
|
Never married
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Widowed, divorced, separated
|
1.03 (0.57–1.88)
|
0.73 (0.38–1.41)
|
1.61 (1.14–2.27)
|
1.36 (0.91–2.04)
|
1.09 (0.64–1.86)
|
0.86 (0.49–1.53)
|
1.37 (1.08–1.75)
|
1.35 (1.01–1.80)
|
|
Married/de facto
|
1.32 (1.11–1.57)
|
1.17 (0.94–1.47)
|
1.56 (1.23–1.98)
|
1.57 (1.15–2.15)
|
0.76 (0.65–0.89)
|
0.67 (0.54–0.82)
|
1.00 (0.84–1.20)
|
0.95 (0.75–1.20)
|
|
Employment status
|
|
Currently employed
|
1.46 (1.17–1.83)
|
1.48 (1.16–1.89)
|
0.64 (0.47–0.86)
|
0.79 (0.56–1.11)
|
0.94 (0.76–1.16)
|
1.01 (0.80–1.28)
|
0.70 (0.58–0.83)
|
0.83 (0.68–1.02)
|
|
Currently unemployed
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Private health insurance
|
|
Yes
|
1.40 (1.18–1.66)
|
1.34 (1.11–1.62)
|
1.39 (1.19–1.62)
|
1.24 (1.04–1.47)
|
1.03 (0.88–1.20)
|
1.02 (0.86–1.20)
|
1.21 (1.09–1.35)
|
1.25 (1.11–1.42)
|
|
No
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Did experience financial difficulty in past 12 months
|
|
Yes, at least one
|
1.27 (1.06–1.53)
|
1.33 (1.08–1.63)
|
1.10 (0.92–1.30)
|
1.06 (0.87–1.29)
|
0.93 (0.79–1.09)
|
0.82 (0.68–0.98)
|
0.87 (0.78–0.98)
|
0.70 (0.62–0.80)
|
|
No, none
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Being a father
|
|
One or more children
|
1.39 (1.15–1.68)
|
1.39 (1.09–1.77)
|
1.30 (1.06–1.60)
|
1.22 (0.93–1.59)
|
0.87 (0.74–1.03)
|
1.01 (0.81–1.25)
|
0.96 (0.82–1.11)
|
0.93 (0.77–1.13)
|
|
No children
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Health and lifestyle factors
|
|
Currently smoking
|
|
Yes
|
0.90 (0.73–1.11)
|
0.86 (0.68–1.10)
|
0.66 (0.55–0.79)
|
0.66 (0.54–0.82)
|
1.07 (0.88–1.29)
|
1.12 (0.90–1.39)
|
0.82 (0.72–0.94)
|
0.87 (0.74–1.02)
|
|
No
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Drinking
|
|
Harmful consumption
|
1.01 (0.85–1.20)
|
1.07 (0.89–1.29)
|
0.91 (0.78–1.07)
|
1.02 (0.86–1.21)
|
0.82 (0.70–0.96)
|
0.80 (0.68–0.94)
|
0.77 (0.70–0.86)
|
0.73 (0.65–0.82)
|
|
Non harmful consumption
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Self-rated health
|
|
Very good/excellent
|
0.86 (0.71–1.03)
|
1.05 (0.85–1.29)
|
0.57 (0.49–0.68)
|
0.68 (0.57–0.83)
|
0.86 (0.73–1.02)
|
0.99 (0.82–1.18)
|
0.79 (0.71–0.88)
|
1.12 (0.98–1.25)
|
|
Good or less
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Being obese
|
|
Yes
|
1.13 (0.90–1.42)
|
0.92 (0.72–1.18)
|
1.59 (1.32–1.91)
|
1.13 (0.92–1.38)
|
1.44 (1.19–1.74)
|
1.42 (1.15–1.74)
|
1.57 (1.41–1.76)
|
1.33 (1.17–1.50)
|
|
No
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Daily pain self-medication
|
|
Yes
|
1.98 (1.13–3.47)
|
1.58 (0.86–2.87)
|
3.89 (2.59–5.85)
|
1.91 (1.24–2.94)
|
1.45 (0.99–2.12)
|
1.21 (0.81–1.80)
|
2.34 (1.97–2.77)
|
1.56 (1.29–1.88)
|
|
No
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
