A literature review of the disruptive effects of user fee exemption policies on health systems

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Description of the articles included in the review (n = 23; 1988 to 2009)

Authors and date	Date	Topic	Qualitative	Quantitative randomized controlled	Quantitative non-randomized	Quantitative descriptive	Mixed methods
Ghana (n = 4)
Penfold et al.	2007	Service utilization			X
Witter & Adjei	2007	Implementation	X
Witter, Arhinful, et al.	2007	Implementation	X
Witter, Kusi, et al.	2007	Effect of exemption on health workers				X
Kenya (n = 4)
Chuma et al.	2009	Facilites' adherence to exemption					X
Mwabu et al.	1997	Service demand			X
Mwabu et al.	1995	Service demand, and effect on income and quality			X
Perkins et al.	2009	Costs of service utilization			X
Madagascar (n = 1)
Fafchamps et al.	2007	Impact of 3 political periods on the health sector					X
South Africa (n = 4)
Bhayat et al.	2003	Service utilization			X
Walker et al.	2004	Implementation					X
Wilkinson et al.	2001	Service utilization			X
Wilkinson et al.	1997	Service utilization			X
Senegal (n = 1)
Witter et al.	2008	Exemption processes and effects					X
Tanzania (n = 1)
Kruk et al.	2008	Costs of utilization			X
Uganda (n = 8)
Burnham et al.	2004	Service utilization			X
Deiniger et al.	2004	Effect of exemption on accessibility and illness			X
Kajula et al.	2004	Political analysis of exemption	X
Nabyonga et al.	2005	Service utilization					X
Nabyonga-Orem et al.	2008	Quality of services					X
Pariyo et al.	2009	Service utilization			X
Xu et al.	2006	Service utilization and catastrophic expenses			X
Yates et al.	2006	Effects of exemption				X
TOTAL			3	0	12	2	6

ISSN: 1471-2458