Table 2 Odds ratio for obstructive coronary artery disease associated with areca nut use

Areca nuts

   Never-user

663 (92.1)

205 (70.0)

1.0

1.0

   User

57 (7.9)

88 (30.0)

5.9

(3.5-7.2)

3.5

(2.0-6.2)

Former user

34 (4.7)

69 (23.5)

2.6

(1.4-5.0)

3.0

(1.3-7.6)

Current user

23 (3.2)

19 (6.5)

6.6

(4.2-10.2)

3.8

(2.0-7.2)

Daily uses (pieces/day)

   1-20

37 (5.1)

36 (12.3)

3.1

(1.9-5.1)

2.0

(1.0-3.9)

   > 20

20 (2.8)

52 (17.7)

8.4

(4.9-14.4)

7.5

(3.4-16.5)

Cumulative uses

(pack-years)

   1-20

34 (4.7)

30 (10.2)

2.9

(1.7-4.8)

2.0

(1.0-4.2)

   > 20

23 (3.2)

58 (19.8)

8.2

(4.9-13.6)

6.1

(2.9-12.7)

Type of uses ^b,

   Betel leaf

36 (5.0)

36 (12.3)

3.2

(2.0-5.3)

2.7

(1.3-5.7)

   Lao-hwa

11 (1.5)

26 (8.9)

7.6

(3.7-15.7)

5.1

(1.9-13.6)

   Both^c

7 (1.0)

23 (7.8)

10.6

(4.5-25.1)

3.7

(1.3-10.8)