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Table 1 Sample characteristics and bivariate associations (unadjusted odds ratios [OR]) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): sample characteristics and bivariate associations between social, environmental and intervention exposure factors and consistent condom use with commercial sex clients1,2,3

From: A dose-response relationship between exposure to a large-scale HIV preventive intervention and consistent condom use with different sexual partners of female sex workers in southern India

 

Proportion (n) or mean /median (interquartile range=IQR)

N=775

OUTCOMES

  

Condoms used in each occasion of sexual intercourse with all clients in the most recent day worked

Consistent condom use with occasional clients

Consistent condom use with most recent repeat client

  

OR [95% CIs]

P

OR [95% CIs]

P

OR [95% CIs]

P

SOCIAL

Age (years)

30.3/

30 (25-35)

1.00 [0.97-1.03]

0.935

0.97 [0.93-1.00]

0.081

0.97 [0.93-1.02]

0.188

Marital status

Devadasi

Never married

Divorced/Separated/Widowed

Currently married

15.5 (119)

5.9 (56)

52.5 (371)

26.0 (229)

1.73 [0.73-4.08]

0.65 [0.26-1.63]

0.93 [0.49-1.76]

1.0 (ref)

0.268

2.27 [1.18-4.34]

1.02 [0.47-2.22]

0.94 [0.54-1.64]

1.0 (ref)

0.031

1.30 [0.64-2.66]

1.26 [0.50-3.18]

0.77 [0.28-2.09]

1.0 (ref)

0.729

Religion

Hindu (versus other - Islam/Christian/Jain)

89.1 (682)

1.01 [0.51-1.98]

0.981

1.27 [0.69-2.33]

0.445

0.53 [0.20-1.41]

0.206

Age at first sex (years)

15.5/

15 (14-17)

1.12 [1.01-1.24]

0.036

1.07 [0.94-1.22]

0.295

1.06 [0.98-1.16]

0.137

Age at first sex work (years)

23.8/

23 (18-29)

0.99 [0.96-1.03]

0.734

0.96 [0.93-0.99]

0.006

0.97 [0.92-1.03]

0.269

Duration of sex work (years)

6.5/

5 (2-10)

1.01 [0.96-1.05]

0.744

1.00 [0.95-1.06]

0.892

0.99 [0.95-1.04]

0.786

ENVIRONMENTAL

District

Belgaum

Bellary

Bangalore

26.8 (208)

25.6 (198)

47.6 (369)

0.54 [0.30-1.00]

0.82 [0.41-1.63]

1.0 (ref)

0.124

1.34 [0.81-2.23]

1.58 [0.91-2.73]

1.0 (ref)

0.237

0.89 [0.32-2.43]

2.50 [0.89-7.04]

1.0 (ref)

0.005

Literate (versus cannot read/write)

27.2 (227)

1.47 [0.84-2.58]

0.177

1.67 [1.05-2.64]

0.029

2.27 [1.02-5.05]

0.044

Sex work sole income (versus has other paid work)

35.0 (301)

0.73 [0.45-1.17]

0.186

0.86 [0.57-1.30]

0.468

0.75 [0.32-1.78]

0.519

Independent solicitation (versus solicitation by a manager)

77.4 (555)

0.84 [0.47-1.48]

0.543

0.89 [0.54-1.47]

0.640

1.38 [0.52-3.65]

0.523

Typology

Brothel

Public places

Home

18.2 (182)

55.6 (348)

26.2 (245)

0.55 [0.28-1.06]

0.93 [0.52-1.65]

1.0 (ref)

0.161

1.09 [0.58-2.07]

0.68 [0.41-1.11]

1.0 (ref)

0.142

0.88 [0.42-1.83]

0.66 [0.25-1.71]

1.0 (ref)

0.689

INTERVENTION EXPOSURE

Ever contacted by intervention staff (versus not ever contacted)

85.5 (632)

2.88 [1.56-5.32]

<0.001

2.23 [1.31-3.82]

0.003

1.06 [0.42-2.68]

0.901

Had a condom demonstration by intervention staff (versus never had a condom demonstration)

82.0 (591)

3.37 [1.93-5.88]

<0.001

2.45 [1.37-4.39]

0.003

1.00 [0.40-2.48]

0.992

Duration since first contacted by intervention staff

Has not been contacted

Less than one year (greater than zero)

One year

Two to three years

Test for trends

15.4 (143)

36.1 (240)

28.0 (198)

20.6 (154)

1.0 (ref)

3.38 [1.65-6.92]

2.08 [1.04-4.18]

3.47 [1.64-7.33]

0.004

0.058

1.0 (ref)

1.69 [0.94-3.04]

2.37 [1.23 -4.55]

2.85 [1.45-5.59]

0.012

0.004

1.0 (ref)

0.65 [0.19-2.29]

1.41 [0.61-3.28]

1.51 [0.65-3.50]

0.464

0.165

Number of times contacted by intervention staff

Zero

Five or fewer (greater than zero)

Greater than five

Test for trends

15.1 (146)

63.2 (486)

21.7 (137)

1.0 (ref)

2.55 [1.36-4.78]

3.38 [1.32-8.66]

0.006

0.075

1.0 (ref)

2.54 [1.47-4.42]

1.80 [0.62-5.27]

0.003

0.821

1.0 (ref)

1.20 [0.53-2.75]

0.85 [0.23-3.15]

0.507

0.603

Number of condom demos seen past month by staff

Zero

One

Two

Three or greater

Test for trends

18.0 (160)

23.0 (183)

22.2 (180)

36.8 (228)

1.0 (ref)

1.99 [1.10-3.61]

4.72 [2.28-9.77]

4.48 [1.96-10.28]

<0.001

0.001

1.0 (ref)

1.77 [0.90-3.49]

4.51 [2.37-8.60]

2.23 [1.11-4.49]

<0.001

0.099

1.0 (ref)

1.09 [0.49-2.43]

2.08 [0.94-4.61]

0.73 [0.21-2.46]

0.130

0.499

Condoms used in all occasions of sexual intercourse with clients in the most recent day worked

81.7 (585)

      

Consistent condom use with all occasional clients

69.5 (530)

      

Consistent condom use with most recent repeat client

57.5 (269)

      

Consistent condom use with most recent non-paying partner

31.1 (68)

      

Consistent condom use with husband/cohabiting partner

9.6 (40)

      
  1. 1Not all of the outcomes have the same denominator, as the sample was subset to women with different types of partners for each outcome; condoms used in all occasions of sexual intercourse with clients in the most recent day worked has a smaller denominator than consistent condom use with all occasional clients because of missing data in the former outcome.
  2. 2Consistent condom use is defined as reporting always (100%) using condoms.
  3. 3The total N for each factor may not add up to 775 due to missing values.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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