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Table 6 Relative rates of mortality in 30 years of follow-up by smoking and alcohol consumption category

From: The combined effect of smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol on cause-specific mortality: a 30 year cohort study

 

Smoking status

Drinking status

Never

Ex

Current

All cause deaths

   

None

   

   No of deaths

181

257

540

   RR1

1*

1.43 (1.18 - 1.73)

2.10 (1.78 - 2.49)

   RR2

1

1.38 (1.14 - 1.67)

1.99 (1.68 - 2.35)

1-14 units/week

   

   No of deaths

100

250

707

   RR1

0.87 (0.68 - 1.10)

1.19 (0.98 - 1.44)

1.93 (1.64 - 2.27)

   RR2

0.86 (0.68 - 1.10)

1.14 (0.94 - 1.38)

1.88 (1.59 - 2.21)

15+ units/week

   

   No of deaths

59

203

786

   RR1

1.15 (0.86 - 1.54)

1.68 (1.37 - 2.05)

2.71 (2.31 - 3.19)

   RR2

1.06 (0.79 - 1.42)

1.56 (1.27 - 1.90)

2.50 (2.12 - 2.94)

Coronary heart disease deaths

   

None

   

   No of deaths

76

92

196

   RR1

1

1.21 (0.89 - 1.64)

1.75 (1.34 - 2.28)

   RR2

1

1.13 (0.83 - 1.53)

1.68 (1.28 - 2.19)

1-14 units/week

   

   No of deaths

36

85

257

   RR1

0.74 (0.49 - 1.09)

0.96 (0.71 - 1.31)

1.61 (1.25 - 2.08)

   RR2

0.73 (0.49 - 1.09)

0.88 (0.64 - 1.20)

1.60 (1.23 - 2.06)

15+ units/week

   

   No of deaths

14

69

251

   RR1

0.64 (0.36 - 1.13)

1.32 (0.95 - 1.83)

1.94 (1.50 - 2.51)

   RR2

0.54 (0.30 - 0.95)

1.14 (0.82 - 1.58)

1.82 (1.40 - 2.36)

Stroke deaths

   

None

   

   No of deaths

17

23

48

   RR1

1

1.31 (0.70 - 2.45)

2.16 (1.24 - 3.75)

   RR2

1

1.26 (0.67 - 2.37)

2.10 (1.20 - 3.67)

1-14 units/week

   

   No of deaths

13

23

66

   RR1

1.30 (0.63 - 2.68)

1.14 (0.61 - 2.14)

2.11 (1.24 - 3.60)

   RR2

1.32 (0.64 - 2.73)

1.15 (0.61 - 2.16)

2.16 (1.26 - 3.69)

15+ units/week

   

   No of deaths

9

22

75

   RR1

2.06 (0.92 - 4.63)

2.05 (1.09 - 3.86)

3.26 (1.92 - 5.53)

   RR2

2.04 (0.90 - 4.59)

1.98 (1.05 - 3.74)

3.10 (1.82 - 5.28)

Alcohol-related deaths

   

None

   

   No of deaths

5

8

16

   RR1

1

1.72 (0.56 - 5.28)

2.18 (0.80 - 5.94)

   RR2

1

1.72 (0.56 - 5.27)

2.10 (0.77 - 5.73)

1-14 units/week

   

   No of deaths

9

14

24

   RR1

2.55 (0.85 - 7.62)

2.52 (0.91 - 6.99)

2.22 (0.85 - 5.82)

   RR2

2.53 (0.85 - 7.57)

2.58 (0.93 - 7.17)

2.21 (0.84 - 5.81)

15+ units/week

   

   No of deaths

7

16

68

   RR1

4.51 (1.43 - 14.2)

4.69 (1.72 - 12.8)

7.45 (3.0 - 18.5)

   RR2

4.23 (1.34 - 13.4)

4.54 (1.66 - 12.4)

6.98 (2.80 - 17.4)

Respiratory deaths

   

None

   

   No of deaths

5

20

59

   RR1

1

3.91 (1.47 - 10.4)

9.15 (3.67 - 22.8)

   RR2

1

3.62 (1.36 - 9.65)

6.80 (2.72 - 17.0)

1-14 units/week

   

   No of deaths

5

19

65

   RR1

1.70 (0.49 - 5.87)

3.21 (1.20 - 8.60)

7.15 (2.88 - 17.8)

   RR2

1.76 (0.51 - 6.11)

3.23 (1.20 - 8.66)

5.71 (2.30 - 14.2)

15+ units/week

   

   No of deaths

4

10

77

   RR1

3.12 (0.84 - 11.6)

3.20 (1.09 - 9.37)

11.6 (4.68 - 28.7)

   RR2

3.84 (1.03 - 14.4)

3.26 (1.11 - 9.55)

8.28 (3.33 - 20.6)

Smoking-related cancer deaths

   

None

   

   No of deaths

15

34

111

   RR1

1

2.31 (1.26 - 4.25)

5.10 (2.97 - 8.74)

   RR2

1

2.31 (1.26 - 4.24)

4.83 (2.81 - 8.30)

1-14 units/week

   

   No of deaths

8

39

152

   RR1

0.81 (0.34 - 1.91)

2.26 (1.25 - 4.10)

4.86 (2.86 - 8.26)

   RR2

0.81 (0.34 - 1.92)

2.32 (1.28 - 4.21)

4.79 (2.82 - 8.16)

15+ units/week

   

   No of deaths

7

24

180

   RR1

1.60 (0.65 - 3.92)

2.36 (1.24 - 4.49)

7.10 (4.19 - 12.0)

   RR2

1.55 (0.63 - 3.80)

2.33 (1.22 - 4.44)

6.55 (3.86 - 11.1)

  1. * 1 is reference, 95% confidence intervals in parentheses
  2. RR1 Relative rate adjusted for age
  3. RR2 Relative rate adjusted for age, cholesterol, body mass index, % predicted FEV1, father's social class, angina, ECG ischaemia and bronchitis
  4. 1 unit = 1 measure of spirits, or half a pint of beer or a sixth of a bottle of wine
  5. Men only