Sabol WJ, Minton TD: Jail inmates at midyear 2007. 2008, Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Special Report) (NCJ 221945)
Google Scholar
Sabol WJ, Couture H: Prison inmates at midyear 2007. 2008, Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Special Report) (NCJ 221944)
Google Scholar
Weinbaum CM, Saib KM, Santibanez SS: Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV in correctional populations: a review of epidemiology and prevention. AIDS. 2005, 19 (Suppl 3): S41-S46. 10.1097/01.aids.0000192069.95819.aa.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Okie S: Sex, drugs, prisons, and HIV. N Engl J Med. 2007, 356: 105-108. 10.1056/NEJMp068277.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Macher A, Kibble D, Wheeler D: HIV transmission in correctional facility. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006, 12: 669-671.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Comfort ML, Grinstead A: The carceral limb of the public body: jails, inmates, prisoners and infectious disease. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 2004, 3: 45-48. 10.1177/154510970400300202.
Google Scholar
Fruedenberg N: Jails, prisons and the health of urban populations: a review of the impact of the correctional system on community health. J Urban Health. 2001, 78: 214-235.
Google Scholar
Maruschak LM: HIV in Prisons, 2005. 2007, Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Bulletin) (NCJ 218915)
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: HIV prevalence estimates - United States, 2006. JAMA. 2009, 301: 27-29. 10.1001/jama.301.1.27.
Google Scholar
Hammett TM: HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases among correctional inmates: transmission, burden, and an appropriate response. Am J Public Health. 2006, 96: 974-978. 10.2105/AJPH.2005.066993.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Hepatitis B outbreak in a state correctional facility, 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001, 50: 529-532.
Google Scholar
Beck AJ, Harrison PM: Sexual victimization in state and federal prisons reported by inmates, 2007. 2007, Washington DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Special Report) (NCJ 219414)
Google Scholar
Long J, Allwright S, Barry J, Reynolds SR, Thornton L, Bradley F, Parry JV: Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV and risk factors in entrants to Irish prisons: a national cross sectional survey. BMJ. 2001, 323: 1209-1213. 10.1136/bmj.323.7323.1209.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Babudieri S, Longo B, Sarmati L, Starnini G, Dori L, Suligoi B, Carbonara S, Monarca R, Quercia G, Florenzano G, Novati S, Sardu A, Iovinella V, Casti A, Romano A, Uccella I, Maida I, Brunetti B, Mura MS, Andreoni M, Rezza G: Correlates of HIV, HBV, and HCV infections in a prison inmate population: results from a multicentre study in Italy. J Med Virol. 2005, 76: 311-317. 10.1002/jmv.20375.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buavirat A, Page-Shafer K, van Griensven GJP, Mandel JS, Evans J, Chuaratanaphong J, Chiamwongpat S, Sacks R, Moss A: Risk of prevalent HIV infection associated with incarceration among injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand: case-control study. BMJ. 2003, 326: 308-312. 10.1136/bmj.326.7384.308.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Thaisri H, Leritworapong J, Vongsheree S, Sawanpanyalert P, Chadbanchachai C, Rojanawiwat A, Kongpromsook W, Paungtubtim W, Sri-ngam P, Jaisue R: HIV infection and risk factors among Bangkok prisoners, Thailand: a prospective cohort study. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2003, 3: 25-32. 10.1186/1471-2334-3-25.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dolan K, Wodak A: HIV transmission in a prison system in Australia. Med J Aust. 1999, 171: 14-17.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beyrer C, Jittiwutikarn J, Teokul W, Razak MH, Suriyanon V, Srirak N, Vongchuk T, Tovanabutra S, Sripaipan T, Celentano DD: Drug use, increasing incarceration rates and prison-associated HIV risk in Thailand. AIDS Behav. 2003, 7: 153-161. 10.1023/A:1023946324822.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vanichseni S, Kitayaporn D, Mastro TD, Mock PA, Raktham S, Des Jarlais DC, Sujarita S, Srisuwanvilai L, Young NL, Wasi C, Subbarao S, Heyward WL, Esparza J, Choopanya K: Continued high HIV-1 incidence in a vaccine trial preparatory cohort of injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS. 2001, 15: 397-405. 10.1097/00002030-200102160-00013.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stark K, Bienzle U, Vonk R, Guggenmoos-Holzmann I: History of syringe sharing in prison and risk of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infection among injecting drug users in Berlin. Int J Epidemiol. 1997, 26: 1359-1366. 10.1093/ije/26.6.1359.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gates JA, Post JJ, Kaldor JM, Pan Y, Haber PS, Lloyd AR, Dolan KA: Risk factors for hepatitis C infection and perception of antibody status among male prison inmates in the Hepatitis C Incidence and Transmission in Prisons Study cohort, Australia. J Urban Health. 2004, 81: 448-452.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hellard ME, Hocking JS, Crofts N: The prevalence and the risk behaviours associated with the transmission of hepatitis C virus in Australian correctional facilities. Epidemiol Infect. 2004, 132: 409-415. 10.1017/S0950268803001882.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Maher L, Chant K, Jalaludin B, Sargent P: Risk behaviors and antibody hepatitis B and C prevalence among injecting drug users in south-western Sydney, Australia. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004, 19: 1114-1120. 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2004.03438.x.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guimaraes T, Granato CF, Varella D, Ferraz ML, Castelo A, Kallas EG: High prevalence of hepatitis C infection in a Brazilian prison: identification of risk factors for infection. Braz J Infect Dis. 2001, 5: 111-118. 10.1590/S1413-86702001000300002.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Post JJ, Dolan KA, Whybin LR, Carter IW, Haber PS, Lloyd AR: Acute hepatitis C virus infection in an Australian prison inmate: tattooing as a possible transmission route. Med J Aust. 2001, 174: 183-184.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Butler TG, Dolan KA, Ferson MJ, McGuinness LM, Brown PR, Robertson PW: Hepatitis B and C in New South Wales prisons: prevalence and risk factors. Med J Aust. 1997, 166: 127-130.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spaulding A, Stephenson B, Macalino G, Ruby W, Clarke JG, Flanigan TP: Human immunodeficiency virus in correctional facilities: a review. Clin Infect Dis. 2002, 35: 305-312. 10.1086/341418.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Strathdee SA, Sherman SG: The role of sexual transmission of HIV infection among injection and non-injection drug users. J Urban Health. 2003, 80: iii7-iii14.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gibson DRn Flynn NM, Perales D: Effectiveness of syringe exchange programs in reducing HIV risk behavior and HIV seroconversion among injecting drug users. AIDS. 2001, 15: 1329-1341. 10.1097/00002030-200107270-00002.
Google Scholar
Des Jarlais DC, Marmor M, Friedmann P, Titus S, Aviles E, Deren S, Torian L, Glebatis D, Murrill C, Monterroso E, Friedman SR: HIV incidence among injecting drug users in New York City, 1992-1997: evidence for a declining epidemic. Am J Public Health. 2000, 90: 352-359. 10.2105/AJPH.90.3.352.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Buchacz K, Greenberg A, Onorato I, Janssen R: Syphilis epidemics and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence among men who have sex with men in the United States: implications for HIV prevention. Sex Transm Dis. 2005, 32: S73-S79. 10.1097/01.olq.0000180466.62579.4b.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Des Jarlais DCD, Marmor M, Paone D, Titus S, Shi QH, Perlis T, Jose B, Friedman SR: HIV incidence among injecting drug users in New York City syringe-exchange programmes. Lancet. 1996, 348: 987-991. 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)02536-6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Horsburgh CR, Jarvis JQ, McArther T, Ignacio T, Stock P: Seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus in prison inmates. Am J Public Health. 1990, 80: 209-210. 10.2105/AJPH.80.2.209.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Monterroso ER, Hamburger ME, Des Jarlais DC, Ouellet LJ, Altice FL: Prevention of HIV in street-recruited injection drug users: The Collaborative Injection Drug User Study (CIDUS). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000, 25: 63-70. 10.1097/00042560-200009010-00009.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Khan AJ, Simard EP, Bower WA, Wurtzel HL, Khristova M, Wagner KD, Arnold KE, Nainan OV, LaMarre M, Bell BP: Ongoing transmission of hepatitis B virus infection among inmates at a state correctional facility. Am J Public Health. 2005, 95: 1793-1799. 10.2105/AJPH.2004.047753.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Javanbakht M, Murphy R, Harawa NT, Smith LV, Hayes M, Chien M, Kerndt PR: Sexually transmitted infections and HIV prevalence among incarcerated men who have sex with men, 2000-2005. Sex Trans Dis. 2009, 36: S17-21. 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815e4152.
Google Scholar
Daly L: Simple SAS macros for the calculation of exact binomial and Poisson confidence limits. Comput Biol Med. 1992, 22: 351-361. 10.1016/0010-4825(92)90023-G.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
DerSimonian R: Meta-analysis in the design and monitoring of clinical trials. Stat Med. 1996, 15: 1237-1248. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960630)15:12<1237::AID-SIM301>3.0.CO;2-N.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Higgins J, Thompson S: Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002, 21: 1539-1558. 10.1002/sim.1186.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Egger M, Davey G, Schneider M, Minder C: Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple graphical test. BMJ. 1997, 315: 629-634.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, Moher D, Becker BJ, Sipe TA, Thacker SB: Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology. JAMA. 2000, 283: 2008-2012. 10.1001/jama.283.15.2008.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Des Jarlais DC, Perlis T, Arasteh K, Torian LV, Beatrice S, Milliken J, Mildvan D, Yancovitz S, Friedman SR: HIV incidence among injection drug users in New York City, 1990 to 2002: use of serologic test algorithm to assess expansion of HIV prevention services. Am J Public Health. 2005, 95: 1439-1444. 10.2105/AJPH.2003.036517.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Choi KH, McFarland W, Neilands TB, Nguyen S, Louie B, Secura GM, Behel S, Mackellar D, Valleroy L: An opportunity for prevention: prevalence, incidence, and sexual risk for HIV among young Asian and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men, San Francisco. Sex Transm Dis. 2004, 31: 475-480. 10.1097/01.olq.0000135988.19969.62.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kral AH, Lorvick J, Gee L, Bacchetti P, Rawal B, Busch M, Edlin BR: Trends in Human immunodeficiency virus seroincidence among street-recruited injection drug users in San Francisco, 1987-1998. Am J Epidemiol. 2003, 157: 915-922. 10.1093/aje/kwg070.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Katz MH, Schwarcz SK, Kellogg TA, Klausner JD, Dilley JW, Gibson S, McFarland W: Impact of highly active antiretroviral treatment on HIV seroincidence among men who have sex with men: San Francisco. Am J Public Health. 2002, 92: 388-394. 10.2105/AJPH.92.3.388.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: HIV incidence among young men who have sex with men - seven U.S. cities, 1994-2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001, 50: 440-444.
Google Scholar
Sifakis F, Hylton JB, Flynn C, Solomon L, MacKellar DA, Valleroy LA, Celentano DD: Racial disparities in HIV incidence among young men who have sex with men: the Baltimore young men's study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007, 46: 343-348. 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31815724cc.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krebs CP, Simmons M: Intraprison HIV transmission: an assessment of whether it occurs, how it occurs and who is at risk. AIDS Educ Prev. 2002, 14 (5 Suppl B): 53-64. 10.1521/aeap.14.7.53.23865.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chesney MA, Barrett DC, Stall R: Histories of substance use and risk behavior: precursors to HIV seroconversion in homosexuals. Am J Public Health. 1998, 88: 113-116. 10.2105/AJPH.88.1.113.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mutter RC, Grimes RM, Labarthe D: Evidence of intraprison spread of HIV infection. Arch Intern Med. 1994, 154: 793-795. 10.1001/archinte.154.7.793.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kingsley LA, Rinaldo CR, Lyter DW, Valdiserri RO, Belle SH, Monto H: Sexual transmission efficiency of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus among homosexual men. JAMA. 1990, 264: 230-234. 10.1001/jama.264.2.230.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jafa K, McElroy P, Fitzpatrick L, Borkowf CB, MacGowan R, Margolis A, Robbins K, Youngpairoj AS, Stratford D, Greenberg A, Taussig J, Shouse RL, LaMarre M, McLellan-Lemal E, Heneine W, Sullivan PS: HIV transmission in a state prison system, 1988-2005. PLoS One. 2009, 4: 1-8. 10.1371/journal.pone.0005416.
Google Scholar
Gourevitch MN, Hartel D, Schoenbaum EE, Selwyn PA, Davenny K, Friedland GH, Klein RS: A prospective study of syphilis and HIV infection among injection drug users receiving methadone in the Bronx, NY. Am J Public Health. 1996, 86: 1112-1115. 10.2105/AJPH.86.8_Pt_1.1112.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ostrow DG, Plankey MW, Cox C, Li XH, Shoptaw S, Jacobson LP, Stall RC: Specific sex drug combinations contribute to the majority of recent HIV seroconversions among MSM in the MACS. JAIDS. 2009, 51: 349-355.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Webster RD, Darrow WW, Paul JP, Roark RA, Woods WJ, Stempel RR: HIV infection and associated risks among young men who have sex with men in a Florida resort community. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003, 33: 223-231. 10.1097/00126334-200306010-00018.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brackbill RM, MacGowan RJ, Rugg D: HIV infection risks, behaviors and methadone treatment: client-reported HIV infection in a follow-up study of injecting drug users in New England. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1997, 23: 397-411. 10.3109/00952999709016885.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McFarland W, Kellogg TA, Dilley J, Katz MH: Estimation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroincidence among repeat anonymous testers in San Francisco. Am J Epidemiol. 1997, 146: 662-644.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Osmond DH, Page K, Wiley J, Garrett K, Sheppard HW, Moss AR, Schrager L, Winkelstein W: HIV infection in homosexual and bisexual men 18 to 29 years of age: the San Francisco young men's health study. Am J Public Health. 1994, 84: 1933-1937. 10.2105/AJPH.84.12.1933.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hahn JA, Page-Shafer K, Lum PJ, Ochoa K, Moss AR: Hepatitis C virus infection and needle exchange use among young injection drug users in San Francisco. Hepatology. 2001, 34: 180-187. 10.1053/jhep.2001.25759.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Macalino GE, Vlahov D, Sanford-Colby S, et al: Prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among males in Rhode Island prisons. Am J Public Health. 2004, 94: 1218-1223. 10.2105/AJPH.94.7.1218.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gellert GA, Maxwell RM, Higgins KV, Pendergast T, Wilker N: HIV Infection in the women's jail, Orange County, California, 1985 through 1991. Am J Public Health. 1993, 83: 1454-1456. 10.2105/AJPH.83.10.1454.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rich JD, Dickinson BP, Macalino G, Flanigan TP, Towe CW, Spaulding A, Vlahov D: Prevalence and incidence of HIV among incarcerated and reincarcerated women in Rhode Island. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999, 22: 161-166.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Williams AB, McNelly EA, Williams AE, D'Aquila RT: Methadone maintenance treatment and HIV type 1 seroconversion among injecting drug users. AIDS Care. 1992, 4: 35-41. 10.1080/09540129208251618.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Friedman SR, Jose B, Deren S, Des Jarlais DC, Neaigus A: Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion among out-of-treatment drug injectors in high and low seroprevalence cities: The National AIDS Research Consortium. Am J Epidemiol. 1995, 142: 864-874.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wiebel WW, Jimenez A, Johnson W, Ouellet L, Jovanovic B, Lampinen T, Murray J, OBrien MP: Risk behavior and HIV seroincidence among out-of-treatment injection drug users: a four-year prospective study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996, 12: 282-289.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mehta SH, Galai N, Astemborski J, Celentano DD, Strathdee SA, Vlahov D, Nelson KE: HIV incidence among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland (1988-2004). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006, 43: 368-372. 10.1097/01.qai.0000243050.27580.1a.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Metzger DS, Woody GE, McLellan AT, Obrien CP, Druley P, Navaline H, Dephilippis D, Stolley P, Abrutyn E: Human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion among intravenous drug users in and out of treatment: an 18-month prospective follow-up. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr. 1993, 6: 1049-1056.
CAS
Google Scholar
Nelson KE, Vlahov D, Galai N, Astemborski J, Solomon L: Preparations for AIDS vaccine trials: incident human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in a cohort of injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994, 10 (Suppl 2): S201-S205.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fisher DG, Fenaughty AM, Trubatch B: Seroconversion issues among out of treatment injection drug users. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1998, 30: 299-305.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Des Jarlais DC, Diaz T, Perlis T, Vlahov D, Maslow C, Latka M, Rockwell R, Edwards V, Friedman SR, Monterroso E, Williams I, Garfein RS: Variability in the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infection among young injecting drug users in New York City. Am J Epidemiol. 2003, 157: 467-471. 10.1093/aje/kwf222.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Deren S, Kang SY, Colon HM, Andia JF, Robles RR: HIV incidence among high-risk Puerto Rican drug users: a comparison of East Harlem, New York, and Bayamon, Puerto Rico. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004, 36: 1067-1074. 10.1097/00126334-200408150-00010.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moss AR, Vranizan K, Gorter R, Bacchetti P, Watters J, Osmond D: HIV seroconversion in intravenous drug users in San Francisco, 1985-1990. AIDS. 1994, 8: 223-231. 10.1097/00002030-199402000-00010.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McCoy CB, Comerford M, Kitner K: The prevalence and incidence of HIV among injection drug users: a five year panel study. Popul Res Policy Rev. 1999, 18: 39-53. 10.1023/A:1006148711071.
Google Scholar
Siddiqui NS, Brown LS, Meyer TJ, Gonzalez V: Decline in HIV-1 seroprevalence and low seroconversion rate among injecting drug users at a methadone maintenance program in New York City. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1993, 25: 245-250.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Murrill CS, Prevots DR, Miller MS, Linley LA, Royalty JE, Gwinn M: Incidence of HIV among injection drug users entering drug treatment programs in four US cities. J Urban Health. 2001, 78: 152-161.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
McFarland W, Kellogg TA, Louie B, Murrill C, Katz MH: Low estimates of HIV seroconversions among clients of a drug treatment clinic in San Francisco, 1995 to 1998. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000, 23: 426-429.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kingsley LA, Zhou SY, Bacellar H, Rinaldo CR, Chmiel J, Detels R, Saah A, VanRaden M, Ho M, Munoz A: Temporal trends in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion 1984-1989: a report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Am J Epidemiol. 1991, 134: 331-339.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buchbinder SP, Douglas JM, Mckirnan DJ, Judson FN, Katz MH, MacQueen M: Feasibility of human immunodeficiency virus vaccine trials in homosexual men in the United States: risk behavior, seroincidence and willingness to participate. J Infect Dis. 1996, 174: 954-961.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koblin BA, Taylor PE, Avrett S, Stevens CE: Feasibility of HIV-1 vaccine trials among gay/bisexual men in New York City: Project ACHIEVE, AIDS Community Health Initiative Enroute to the Vaccine Effort. AIDS. 1996, 10: 1555-1561. 10.1097/00002030-199611000-00015.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tabet SR, Krone MR, Paradise MA, Corey L, Stamm WE, Celum CL: Incidence of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in a cohort of HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM). AIDS. 1998, 12: 2041-2048. 10.1097/00002030-199815000-00016.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buchbinder SP, Vittinghoff E, Heagerty PJ, Celum CL, Seage GR, Judson FN, McKirnan D, Mayer KH, Koblin BA: Sexual risk, nitrite inhalant use, and lack of circumcision associated with HIV seroconversion in men who have sex with men in the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005, 39: 82-89. 10.1097/01.qai.0000134740.41585.f4.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koblin BA, Husnik MJ, Colfax G, Huang Y, Madison M, Mayer K: Risk factors for HIV infection among men who have sex with men. AIDS. 2006, 20: 731-739. 10.1097/01.aids.0000216374.61442.55.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vlahov D, Nelson KE, Quinn TC, Kendig N: Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among male prison inmates in Maryland. Eur J Epidemiol. 1993, 9: 566-569. 10.1007/BF00209538.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Garfein RS, Doherty DS, Monterroso ER, Thomas DL, Nelson KE, Vlahov D: Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C infection among young adult injection drug users. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998, 18 (Suppl 1): S11-S19.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hagan H, Thiede H, Des Jarlais DC: Hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users: survival analysis of time to seroconversion. Epidemiology. 2004, 15: 543-549. 10.1097/01.ede.0000135170.54913.9d.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Villano SA, Vlahov D, Nelson KE, Lyles CM, Cohn S, Thomas DL: Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. J Clin Microbiol. 1997, 35: 3274-3277.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Thorpe LE, Ouellet LJ, Hershow R, Bailey SL, Williams IT, Williamson J, Monterroso ER, Garfein RS: Risk of hepatitis C virus infection among young adult injection drug users who share injection equipment. Am J Epidemiol. 2002, 155: 645-653. 10.1093/aje/155.7.645.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hahn JA, Page-Shafer K, Lum PJ, Bourgois P, Stein E, Evans JL, Busch MP, Tobler LH, Phelps B, Moss AR: Hepatitis C virus seroconversion among young injection drug users: relationships and risks. J Infect Dis. 2002, 186: 1558-1564. 10.1086/345554.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fuller CM, Ompad DC, Galea S, Wu Y, Koblin B, Vlahov D: Hepatitis C incidence- a comparison between injection and non injection drug users in New York City. J Urban Health. 2004, 81: 20-24.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Levine OS, Vlahov D, Brookmeyer R, Cohn S, Nelson KE: Differences in the incidence of hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus infections among injecting drug users. J Infect Dis. 1996, 173: 579-583.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hagan H, McGough JP, Thiede H, Weiss NS, Hopkins S, Alexander ER: Syringe exchange and risk of infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. Am J Epidemiol. 1999, 149: 203-213.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nash D, Bennani Y, Ramaswamy C, Torian L: Estimates of HIV incidence among persons testing for HIV using the sensitive/less sensitive enzyme immunoassay, New York City, 2001. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005, 39: 102-111. 10.1097/01.qai.0000144446.52141.4c.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kellogg TA, McFarland W, Perlman JL, Weinstock H, Bock S, Katz MH, Gerberding JL, Bangsberg DR: HIV incidence among repeat HIV testers at a county hospital, San Francisco, California, USA. JAIDS. 2001, 28: 59-64.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marmor M, Titus S, Wolfe H, Krasinski K, Maslansky R, Simberkoff M, Beatrice S, Nichols S, DesJarlais DC: Preparations for AIDS vaccine trials: retention, behavior change, and HIV seroconversions among injecting drug users (IDUs) and sexual partners of IDUs. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994, 10 (Suppl 2): S207-S213.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buchacz K, Klausner JD, Kerndt PR, Shouse RL, Onorato I, McElroy PD, Schwendemann J, Tambe PB, Allen M, Coye F, Kent CK, Park MN, Hawkins K, Samoff E, Brooks J: HIV incidence among men diagnosed with early syphilis in Atlanta, San Francisco, and Los Angeles, 2004 to 2005. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008, 47: 234-240. 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31815e4011.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taylor MM, Hawkins K, Gonzalez A, Buchacz K, Aynalem G, Smith LV, Klausner J, Holmberg S, Kerndt PR: Use of the serological testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion (STARHS) to identify recently acquired HIV infections in men with early syphilis in Los Angeles County. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005, 38: 505-508. 10.1097/01.qai.0000157390.55503.8b.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: HIV transmission among male inmates in a state prison system - Georgia 1992-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006, 55: 421-426.
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Transmission of hepatitis B virus in correctional facilities - Georgia, January 1999 - June 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004, 53: 678-681.
Google Scholar
Wolfe MI, Xu F, Patel P, O'Cain M, Schillinger JA, St Louis ME, Finelli L: An outbreak of syphilis in Alabama prisons: correctional health policy and communicable disease control. Am J Public Health. 2001, 91: 1220-1225. 10.2105/AJPH.91.8.1220.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
van Hoeven KH, Rooney WC, Joseph SC: Evidence for gonococcal transmission within a correctional system. Am J Public Health. 1990, 80: 1505-1506. 10.2105/AJPH.80.12.1505.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Smith WHY: Syphilis epidemic in a southern prison. J Med Assoc Stat Ala. 1965, 35: 392-394.
CAS
Google Scholar
Taylor A, Goldberg D, Emslie J, Wrench J, Gruer L, Cameron S, Black J, Davis B, McGregor J, Follett E, Harvey J, Basson J, McGavigan J: Outbreak of HIV infection in a Scottish prison. BMJ. 1995, 310: 289-292.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gore SM, Bird AG: HIV transmission in jail. BMJ. 1993, 307: 147-188. 10.1136/bmj.307.6897.147.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hall HI, Song R, Rhodes P, Prejean J, An Q, Lee LM, Karon J, Brookmeyer R, Kaplan EH, McKenna MT, Janssen RS: Estimation of HIV incidence in the United States. JAMA. 2008, 300: 520-529. 10.1001/jama.300.5.520.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Surveillance for acute viral hepatitis - United States 2006. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2008, 57 (SS02): 1-24.
Google Scholar
Vescio MF, Longo B, Babudieri S, Starnini G, Carbonara S, Rezza G, Monarca R: Correlates of hepatitis C virus seropositivity in prison inmates: a meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008, 62: 305-313. 10.1136/jech.2006.051599.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ippolito G, Puro V, Heptonstall J, Jagger J, De Cari G, Petrosillo N: Occupational human immunodeficiency virus infection in health care workers: worldwide cases through September 1997. Clin Infect Dis. 1999, 28: 365-383. 10.1086/515101.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Puro V, De CG, Scognamiglio P, Porcasi R, Ippolito G: Risk of HIV and other blood-borne infections in the cardiac setting : patient-to-provider and provider-to-patient transmission. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2001, 946: 291-309. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03918.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brewer TF, Vlahov D, Taylor E, Hall D, Munoz A, Polk BF: Transmission of HIV-1 within a statewide prison system. AIDS. 1988, 2: 363-367. 10.1097/00002030-198810000-00005.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vlahov D, Polk BF: Intravenous drug use and human immunodeficiency virus infection in prison. AIDS Publ Policy J. 1988, 3: 42-46.
Google Scholar
Kelly PW, Redfield RR, Ward DL, Burke S, Miller RN: Prevalence and incidence of HTLV-III infection in a prison. JAMA. 1986, 256: 2198-2199. 10.1001/jama.256.16.2198a.
Google Scholar
Castro K, Shansky R, Scardino V, Narkunas J, Coe J, Hammett T: HIV transmission in correctional facilities [abstract]. Seventh International Conference on AIDS. 1991, Florence (Abstract No MC 3067, p 314)
Google Scholar
Christensen PB, Krarup HB, Niesters HGM, Norder H, Georgsen J: Prevalence and incidence of bloodborne viral infections among Danish prisoners. Eur J Epidemiol. 2000, 16: 1043-1049. 10.1023/A:1010833917242.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McKee KJ, Power KG: HIV/AIDS in prisons. Scott Med J. 1992, 37: 132-137.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kall KI, Olin RG: HIV status and changes in risk behavior among intravenous drug users in Stockholm 1987-1988. AIDS. 1990, 4: 153-157. 10.1097/00002030-199002000-00009.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Butler T, Kariminia A, Levy M, Kaldor J: Prisoners are at risk for hepatitis C transmission. Eur J Epidemiol. 2004, 19: 1119-1122. 10.1007/s10654-004-1705-9.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dolan K, Kite B, Black E, Aceijas C, Stimson GV: HIV in prison I low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007, 7: 32-41. 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70685-5.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Diaz RS, Kallas EG, Castelo A, Rawal BD, Busch MP: Use of a new, less-sensitive enzyme immunoassay, testing strategy to identify recently infected persons in a Brazilian prison: estimation of incidence and epidemiological tracing. AIDS. 1999, 13: 1417-1418. 10.1097/00002030-199907300-00024.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stall R, Duran L, Wisniewski SR: Running in place: implications of HIV incidence estimates among urban men who have sex with men in the Unites States and other industrialized countries. AIDS Behav. 2006, 13: 615-629. 10.1007/s10461-008-9509-7.
Google Scholar
Holmberg SD: The estimated prevalence and incidence of HIV in 96 large US metropolitan areas. Am J Public Health. 1996, 86: 642-654. 10.2105/AJPH.86.5.642.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dolan KA, Shearer J, MacDonald M, Mattick RP, Hall W, Wodak AD: A randomized controlled trial of methadone maintenance treatment versus waiting list control in an Australian prison system. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003, 72: 59-65. 10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00187-X.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wolitski R, The Project START Writing Group: Relative efficacy of a multisession sexual risk reduction intervention for young men released from prisons in 4 states. Am J Public Health. 2006, 96: 1854-1861. 10.2105/AJPH.2004.056044.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Belenko S, Langley S, Crimmins S, Chaple M: HIV risk behaviors, knowledge, and prevention education among offenders under community supervision: a hidden risk group. AIDS Educ Prev. 2004, 16: 367-385. 10.1521/aeap.16.4.367.40394.
PubMed
Google Scholar
MacGowan RJ, Margolis A, Gaiter J, Morrow K, Zack B, Askew J, McAuliffe T, Sosman JM, Eldridge GD: Predictors of risky sex of young men after release from prison. Int J STD AIDS. 2003, 14: 519-523. 10.1258/095646203767869110.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grinstead OA, Zack B, Faigeles B, Grossman N, Blea L: Reducing postrelease HIV risk among male prison inmates: a peer-led intervention. Crim Justice Behav. 1999, 26: 453-465. 10.1177/0093854899026004003.
Google Scholar
Wexler HK, Magura S, Beardsley MM, Josepher H: ARRIVE: an AIDS prevention model for high-risk parolees. Int J Addict. 1994, 29: 361-386.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bird SM, Hutchinson SJ: Male drug-related deaths in the fortnight after release from prison: Scotland, 1996-99. Addiction. 2003, 98: 185-190. 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00264.x.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Seal KH, Kral AH, Gee L, Moore LD, Bluthenthal RN, Lorvick J, Edlin BR: Predictors and prevention of nonfatal overdose among street recruited injection heroin users in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1998-1999. Am J Public Health. 2001, 91: 1842-1846. 10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1842.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Seaman SR, Brettle RP, Gore SM: Mortality from overdose among injecting drug users recently released from prison: database linkage study. BMJ. 1998, 316: 426-428.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Harawa N, Adimora A: Incarceration, African Americans and HIV: advancing a research agenda. J Natl Med Assoc. 2008, 100: 57-62.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jurgens R, Ball A, Verster A: Interventions to reduce HIV transmission related to injecting drug use in prison. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009, 9: 57-66. 10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70305-0.
PubMed
Google Scholar