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  1. Only a limited number of studies have analyzed the association between hip fracture incidence and socioeconomic conditions. Most, but not all found an association, and results are in part conflicting. The aim ...

    Authors: Andrea Icks, Burkhard Haastert, Manfred Wildner, Clemens Becker, Kilian Rapp, Nico Dragano, Gabriele Meyer and Joachim Rosenbauer
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:114
  2. Occupational asthma is a common type of asthma caused by a specific agent in the workplace. The basic alteration of occupational asthma is airways inflammation. Although most patients with occupational asthma ...

    Authors: Paul Tossa, Abraham Bohadana, Valérie Demange, Pascal Wild, Jean-Pierre Michaely, Bernard Hannhart, Christophe Paris and Denis Zmirou-Navier
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:113
  3. Smoking in the home is the major cause of exposure to second-hand smoke in children in the UK, particularly those living in low income households which have fewer restrictions on smoking in the home. Reducing ...

    Authors: Deborah Ritchie, Amanda Amos, Richard Phillips, Sarah Cunningham-Burley and Claudia Martin
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:112
  4. To explore any association between the timing of the initiation of sexual activity and sexual behaviors and risks among university students in China.

    Authors: Qiaoqin Ma, Masako Ono-Kihara, Liming Cong, Guozhang Xu, Xiaohong Pan, Saman Zamani, Shahrzad Mortazavi Ravari, Dandan Zhang, Takayuki Homma and Masahiro Kihara
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:111
  5. The German Network of Disorders of Sex Development (DSD)/Intersexuality carried out a large scale clinical evaluation study on quality of life, gender identity, treatment satisfaction, coping, and problems ass...

    Authors: Anke Lux, Siegfried Kropf, Eva Kleinemeier, Martina Jürgensen and Ute Thyen
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:110
  6. With a goal to reduce youth smoking rates, the U.S. federal government mandated that states enforce laws prohibiting underage tobacco sales. Our objective was to determine if state compliance with tobacco sale...

    Authors: Joseph R DiFranza, Judith A Savageau and Kenneth E Fletcher
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:107
  7. To assess the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including childhood abuse and neglect, and serious household dysfunction, and premature death of a family member. Because ACEs increase t...

    Authors: Robert F Anda, Maxia Dong, David W Brown, Vincent J Felitti, Wayne H Giles, Geraldine S Perry, Edwards J Valerie and Shanta R Dube
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:106
  8. Developed and developing countries are facing rapid increases in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. The patterns of overweight/obesity differ by age, sex, rural or urban residence and socio...

    Authors: Alicia Matijasevich, Cesar G Victora, Jean Golding, Fernando C Barros, Ana Maria Menezes, Cora L Araujo and George Davey Smith
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:105
  9. A number of previous studies have investigated various predictors for being granted a disability pension. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of sick-leave track record as a predictor of being grant...

    Authors: Thorne Wallman, Hans Wedel, Edward Palmer, Annika Rosengren, Saga Johansson, Henry Eriksson and Kurt Svärdsudd
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:104
  10. African and Asian cohort studies have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in resource-limited settings. However, reports of the long-term changes in the physical and emotional ...

    Authors: Edwin Wouters, Christo Heunis, Dingie van Rensburg and Herman Meulemans
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:103
  11. Perinatal mortality is an important indicator of health. European comparisons of perinatal mortality show an unfavourable position for the Netherlands. Our objective was to study regional variation in perinata...

    Authors: Miranda Tromp, Martine Eskes, Johannes B Reitsma, Jan Jaap HM Erwich, Hens AA Brouwers, Greta C Rijninks-van Driel, Gouke J Bonsel and Anita CJ Ravelli
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:102
  12. The course of alcohol consumption and cognitive dimensions of behavior change (readiness to change, importance of changing and confidence in ability to change) in primary care patients are not well described. ...

    Authors: Nicolas Bertholet, Nicholas J Horton and Richard Saitz
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:101
  13. A range of self-tests on body materials has become available to the general public, but the extent of their use has hardly been studied. This study examined how many people use diagnostic self-tests on body ma...

    Authors: Gaby Ronda, Piet Portegijs, Geert-Jan Dinant, Frank Buntinx, Roelf Norg and Trudy van der Weijden
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:100
  14. Cholera remains a serious public health problem in low-income countries despite efforts in the past to promote oral rehydration therapy as major treatment. In 2007, the majority of worldwide cases (94%) and de...

    Authors: Christian Schaetti, Raymond Hutubessy, Said M Ali, Al Pach, Mitchell G Weiss, Claire-Lise Chaignat and Ahmed M Khatib
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:99
  15. Injection drug users represent the largest proportion of all HIV reported cases in Viet Nam. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of risk and risk behaviours among HIV-positive injection drug users, and...

    Authors: Duong Cong Thanh, Karen Marie Moland and Knut Fylkesnes
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:98
  16. The Government has promoted self-care. Our aim was to review evidence about who uses self-tests and other self-care activities (over-the-counter medicine, private sector, complementary and alternative medicine...

    Authors: Angela Ryan, Sue Wilson, Aliki Taylor and Sheila Greenfield
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:96
  17. Mortality from invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) has remained stable over the last thirty years and it is unclear whether pre-hospital antibiotherapy actually produces a decrease in this mortality. Our aim ...

    Authors: Emilio Perea-Milla, Julián Olalla, Emilio Sánchez-Cantalejo, Francisco Martos, Petra Matute-Cruz, Guadalupe Carmona-López, Yolanda Fornieles, Aurelio Cayuela and Javier García-Alegría
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:95
  18. Childhood obesity and physical inactivity are increasing dramatically worldwide. Children of low socioeconomic status and/or children of migrant background are especially at risk. In general, the overall effec...

    Authors: Iris Niederer, Susi Kriemler, Lukas Zahner, Flavia Bürgi, Vincent Ebenegger, Tim Hartmann, Ursina Meyer, Christian Schindler, Andreas Nydegger, Pedro Marques-Vidal and Jardena J Puder
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:94
  19. With the increase of international travels, infectious disease control is gaining a greater importance across regional borders. Adequate surveillance system function is crucial to prevent a global spread of in...

    Authors: Hyo-Soon Yoo, Ok Park, Hye-Kyung Park, Eun-Gyu Lee, Eun-Kyeong Jeong, Jong-Koo Lee and Sung-Il Cho
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:93
  20. To help improve incident preparedness this study assessed socio-demographic and socio-economic predictors of perceived risk of terrorism within Australia and willingness to comply with public safety directives...

    Authors: Garry Stevens, Kingsley Agho, Melanie Taylor, Margo Barr, Beverley Raphael and Louisa Jorm
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:91
  21. The functional significance of moderate riboflavin deficiency as it is currently assessed is not well understood. Animal and human studies have suggested a role for riboflavin in the absorption and mobilisatio...

    Authors: Marilyn HE Hill, Sohail Mushtaq, Elizabeth A Williams, Jack R Dainty and Hilary J Powers
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:90
  22. Different studies have shown insufficient blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive patients. Multiple factors influence hypertension management, and the quality of primary care is one of them. We decided th...

    Authors: Roser Vallès-Fernandez, Magdalena Rosell-Murphy, Olga Correcher-Aventin, Lucas Mengual-Martínez, Núria Aznar-Martínez, Gemma Prieto-De Lamo, Alícia Franzi-Sisó, Jordi Puig-Manresa and Josep Ma Bonet-Simó
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:89
  23. Overweight and obese persons are at risk of a number of medical conditions which can lead to further morbidity and mortality. The primary objective of this study is to provide an estimate of the incidence of e...

    Authors: Daphne P Guh, Wei Zhang, Nick Bansback, Zubin Amarsi, C Laird Birmingham and Aslam H Anis
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:88
  24. Childhood obesity levels are rising with estimates suggesting that around one in three children in Western countries are overweight. People from lower socioeconomic status and ethnic minority backgrounds are a...

    Authors: Anwen Rees, Non Thomas, Sinead Brophy, Gareth Knox and Rhys Williams
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:86
  25. There is increasing interest in underlying socio-cultural, economic, environmental and health-system influences on the persistence of malaria. Vietnam is a Mekong regional 'success story' after dramatic declin...

    Authors: Martha Morrow, Quy A Nguyen, Sonia Caruana, Beverley A Biggs, Nhan H Doan and Tien T Nong
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:85
  26. Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health problem, with rising incidence in many regions of the globe. Although mortality has recently dropped in developed countries, death rates are still increasing in some...

    Authors: Maira Caleffi, Rodrigo A Ribeiro, Dakir L Duarte Filho, Patrícia Ashton-Prolla, Ademar J Bedin Junior, Giovana P Skonieski, Juliana M Zignani, Juliana Giacomazzi, Luciane R Franco, Márcia Graudenz, Paula Pohlmann, Jefferson G Fernandes, Philip Kivitz and Bernardete Weber
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:83
  27. Male pattern baldness (MPB), an observable trait, has been reported to be associated with various diseases, such as prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease. Oral sulfur-containing gases have also been sugge...

    Authors: Toshihiro Ansai, Shuji Awano, Inho Soh, Yutaka Takata, Akihiro Yoshida, Tomoko Hamasaki and Tadamichi Takehara
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:82
  28. Despite the use of a series of preventive measures, a high incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was observed among health care workers (HCWs) during the SARS epidemic. This study aimed to dete...

    Authors: Wei-Qing Chen, Wen-Hua Ling, Ci-Yong Lu, Yuan-Tao Hao, Zhong-Ning Lin, Li Ling, Jian Huang, Gang Li and Guang-Mei Yan
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:81
  29. National HIV serological and behavioural surveillance of Bangladesh repeatedly demonstrated a very high proportion of rickshaw pullers in Dhaka city, having sex with female sex workers (FSWs) and using illicit...

    Authors: Md Hafiz Ehsanul Hoque, Masako Ono-Kihara, Saman Zamani, Shahrzad Mortazavi Ravari and Masahiro Kihara
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:80
  30. This study compares prevalence and types of medical end-of-life decisions between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities of Belgium. This is the first nationwide study that can make these compariso...

    Authors: Lieve Van den Block, Reginald Deschepper, Johan Bilsen, Nathalie Bossuyt, Viviane Van Casteren and Luc Deliens
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:79
  31. Patient choice and access to health care is compromised by many barriers including travel distance. Individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can seek free specialist care in Britain, without a r...

    Authors: Penny A Cook, Jennifer Downing, C Philip Wheater, Mark A Bellis, Karen Tocque, Qutub Syed and Penelope A Phillips-Howard
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:78
  32. Little is known about the patterns and influences of physical activity change in mid-aged adults. This study describes the design, sampling, data collection, and analytical plan of HABITAT, an innovative study...

    Authors: Nicola W Burton, Michele Haynes, Lee-Ann M Wilson, Billie Giles-Corti, Brian F Oldenburg, Wendy J Brown, Katrina Giskes and Gavin Turrell
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:76
  33. Religion shapes everyday beliefs and activities, but few studies have examined its associations with attitudes about HIV. This exploratory study in Tanzania probed associations between religious beliefs and HI...

    Authors: James Zou, Yvonne Yamanaka, Muze John, Melissa Watt, Jan Ostermann and Nathan Thielman
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:75
  34. Parents play a vital role as children develop tobacco behaviours. Many parents feel unsure about their possibility to influence their teenager's lifestyle. Knowledge about young people's acceptance for parenta...

    Authors: Maria Nilsson, Lars Weinehall, Erik Bergström, Hans Stenlund and Urban Janlert
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:74
  35. Women report more occupational ill-health and are more sick-listed than men. Exploration of women's working conditions would therefore seem to be valuable. In this study we investigated the prevalence of work-...

    Authors: Kristina Holmgren, Synneve Dahlin-Ivanoff, Cecilia Björkelund and Gunnel Hensing
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:73
  36. We estimated the number of women undergoing cervical cancer screening annually in Italy, the rates of cervical abnormalities detected, and the costs of screening and management of abnormalities.

    Authors: Paolo Giorgi Rossi, Alessandro Ricciardi, Catherine Cohet, Fabio Palazzo, Giacomo Furnari, Sabrina Valle, Nathalie Largeron and Antonio Federici
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:71
  37. There is little research on the relationship between key socioeconomic variables and alcohol related harms in Australia. The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between income inequality and t...

    Authors: Paul M Dietze, Damien J Jolley, Tanya N Chikritzhs, Susan Clemens, Paul Catalano and Tim Stockwell
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:70
  38. Self-poisoning with pesticides is a major reason for high suicide rates in rural areas of many developing countries. Safer storage of pesticides may be one means of prevention. We have conducted a study to ass...

    Authors: Keith Hawton, Lakshmi Ratnayeke, Sue Simkin, Louise Harriss and Vanda Scott
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:69
  39. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain continues to present challenges, and problems are exacerbated when there is a lack of coordinated follow-up be...

    Authors: Ignasi Bolíbar, Vicente Plaza, Mariantònia Llauger, Ester Amado, Pedro A Antón, Ana Espinosa, Leandra Domínguez, Mar Fraga, Montserrat Freixas, Josep A de la Fuente, Iskra Liguerre, Casimira Medrano, Meritxell Peiro, Mariantònia Pou, Joaquin Sanchis, Ingrid Solanes…
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:68
  40. Approximately 46 million of the estimated 60 million deaths that occur in the world each year take place in developing countries. Further, this mortality is highest in Sub-Saharan Africa, although causes of mo...

    Authors: Jahit Sacarlal, Ariel Q Nhacolo, Betuel Sigaúque, Delino A Nhalungo, Fatima Abacassamo, Charfudin N Sacoor, Pedro Aide, Sonia Machevo, Tacilta Nhampossa, Eusébio V Macete, Quique Bassat, Catarina David, Azucena Bardají, Emili Letang, Francisco Saúte, John J Aponte…
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:67
  41. Although there has been a reduction of rabies in pets and domestic animals during recent decades in the United States, rabies remains enzootic among bats and several species of terrestrial wildlife. Spillover ...

    Authors: Catherine W Roseveare, W David Goolsby and Ivo M Foppa
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:65

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