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  1. India, China and Russia account for more than 62% of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) globally. Within India, locations like urban metropolitan Mumbai with its burgeoning population and high incidence ...

    Authors: Desiree TB D'souza, Nerges F Mistry, Tina S Vira, Yatin Dholakia, Sven Hoffner, Geoffrey Pasvol, Mark Nicol and Robert J Wilkinson
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:211
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is a measure that assesses patient knowledge, skill, and confidence for self-management. This study validates the Danish translation of the 13-item Patient Activation Measu...

    Authors: Helle Terkildsen Maindal, Ineta Sokolowski and Peter Vedsted
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. In London and the rest of the UK, diseases associated with poor diet, inadequate physical activity and mental illness account for a large proportion of area based health inequality. There is a lack of evidence...

    Authors: Martin Wall, Richard Hayes, Derek Moore, Mark Petticrew, Angela Clow, Elena Schmidt, Alizon Draper, Karen Lock, Rebecca Lynch and Adrian Renton
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:207
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  6. Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness contribute to mental health. Hopelessness has been linked to impaired mental health, cardiovascular events and mortality. Previous studies ha...

    Authors: Maarit Valtonen, David E Laaksonen, Jari Laukkanen, Tommi Tolmunen, Rainer Rauramaa, Heimo Viinamäki, Jussi Kauhanen, Timo Lakka and Leo Niskanen
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The main objective of this study is to measure the relationship between morbidity, direct health care costs and the degree of clinical effectiveness (resolution) of health centres and health professionals by t...

    Authors: Antoni Sicras-Mainar, Ruth Navarro-Artieda, Milagrosa Blanca-Tamayo, Soledad Velasco-Velasco, Esperanza Escribano-Herranz, Josep Ramon Llopart-López, Concepción Violan-Fors, Josep Maria Vilaseca-Llobet, Encarna Sánchez-Fontcuberta, Jaume Benavent-Areu, Ferran Flor-Serra, Alba Aguado-Jodar, Daniel Rodríguez-López, Alejandra Prados-Torres and Jose Estelrich-Bennasar
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:202
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  9. In the last decade, the number of foreign residents in Spain has doubled and it has become one of the countries in the European Union with the highest number of immigrants There is no doubt that the health of ...

    Authors: Pilar Carrasco-Garrido, Rodrigo Jiménez-García, Valentin Hernández Barrera, Ana López de Andrés and Ángel Gil de Miguel
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Despite the fact that the population of self-employed persons is still growing and at risk for long term disability due to a number of risk factors, there is still a lack of information on the effectiveness of...

    Authors: Judith Heinrich, Johannes R Anema, Ernest MM de Vroome and Birgitte M Blatter
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:200
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Firearms are the most commonly used weapon to commit homicide in the U.S. Virtually all firearms enter the public marketplace through a federal firearms licensee (FFL): a store or individual licensed by the fe...

    Authors: Douglas J Wiebe, Robert T Krafty, Christopher S Koper, Michael L Nance, Michael R Elliott and Charles C Branas
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:199
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Infection with genital Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the most common notifiable sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Sweden. A mutated Chlamydia, nvCT, has contributed to the increase. The occurrence of rep...

    Authors: Karin Edgardh, Sharon Kühlmann-Berenzon, Maria Grünewald, Maria Rotzen-Östlund, Ivar Qvarnström and Jennie Everljung
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:198
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  13. The relationship between poor health and unemployment is well established. Health promotion among unemployed persons may improve their health. The aims of this study were to investigate characteristics of non-...

    Authors: Christine AE Schutgens, Merel Schuring, Toon AJ Voorham and Alex Burdorf
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. There has been a consistent rise in bottled water consumption over the last decade. Little is known about the health beliefs held by the general public about bottled water as this issue is not addressed by the...

    Authors: Lorna A Ward, Owen L Cain, Ryan A Mullally, Kathryn S Holliday, Aaron GH Wernham, Paul D Baillie and Sheila M Greenfield
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. China is facing a critical challenge of rapid and widespread human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) increase. Rural-to-urban migration plays a crucial role in shifting the...

    Authors: Shenghui Li, Hong Huang, Yong Cai, Gang Xu, Fengrong Huang and Xiaoming Shen
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes have increased in popularity, yet their comparative potential toxicity is uncertain. This study compares smoking of RYO and factory-made (FM) cigarettes on smoking pattern and im...

    Authors: Murray Laugesen, Michael Epton, Chris MA Frampton, Marewa Glover and Rod A Lea
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Studies on migration often ignore the health and social impact of migrants returning to their rural communities. Several studies have shown migrants to be particularly susceptible to HIV infection. This paper ...

    Authors: Paul Welaga, Victoria Hosegood, Renay Weiner, Caterina Hill, Kobus Herbst and Marie-Louise Newell
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Outside of the United States, evidence for associations between exposure to fast-food establishments and risk for obesity among adults is limited and equivocal. The purposes of this study were to investigate w...

    Authors: John C Spence, Nicoleta Cutumisu, Joy Edwards, Kim D Raine and Karen Smoyer-Tomic
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:192
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Few studies have examined vitamin D insufficiency in African American men although they are at very high risk. We examined the prevalence and correlates of vitamin D insufficiency among African American men in...

    Authors: Marilyn Tseng, Veda Giri, Deborah W Bruner and Edward Giovannucci
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. In the new Stop TB Strategy for Tuberculosis (TB) Care, direct observation of treatment has been replaced by "supervision and patient support". However, it is still unclear what patient support means and how i...

    Authors: Christopher P Lewis and James N Newell
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Years of Life Lost (YLL) is one of the methods used to estimate the duration of time lost due to premature death. While previous studies of disease burden have been reported using YLL, there have been no studi...

    Authors: Shang-Cheng Zhou, Le Cai, Chong-Hua Wan, Yi-Ling Lv and Peng-Qian Fang
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:188
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Universal salt iodation will prevent iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Globally, salt-iodation technologies mostly target large and medium-scale salt-producers. Since most producers in low-income countries ar...

    Authors: Vincent D Assey, Thorkild Tylleskär, Philip B Momburi, Michael Maganga, Nicholaus V Mlingi, Marie Reilly, Ted Greiner and Stefan Peterson
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:187
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The Middle East is estimated to have the largest increase in prevalence of diabetes by 2030; yet there is lack of published data on the incidence of Type 2 diabetes in this region. This study aimed to estimate...

    Authors: Hadi Harati, Farzad Hadaegh, Navid Saadat and Fereidoun Azizi
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:186
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. There is little information about meal patterns and food consumption of adolescents in Palestine. The objective of this study was to describe the association between sociodemographic factors and food intake, a...

    Authors: Abdallah H Abudayya, Hein Stigum, Zumin Shi, Yehia Abed and Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:185
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Front of pack food labels or signpost labels are currently widely discussed as means to help consumers to make informed food choices. It is hoped that more informed food choices will result in an overall healt...

    Authors: Ingrid Borgmeier and Joachim Westenhoefer
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Current understanding of the associations between actual body weight status, weight perception, body dissatisfaction, and weight control practices among low-income urban African American adolescents is limited...

    Authors: Youfa Wang, Huifang Liang and Xiaoli Chen
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Most school health education programs focus on a single behavioral domain. Integrative programs that address multiple behaviors may be more efficient, but only if the elements of change are similar for these b...

    Authors: Louk WH Peters, Gerjo Kok, Geert TM Ten Dam, Goof J Buijs and Theo GWM Paulussen
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:182
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Measuring prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections in hard to reach populations like men who have sex with men (MSM) is hampered by unknown size and regional distribution of this population....

    Authors: Ulrich Marcus, Axel J Schmidt, Christian Kollan and Osamah Hamouda
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:181
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Measurement of prevalence and incidence of infections in a hard to reach population like men who have sex with men (MSM) is hampered by its unknown size and regional distribution. Population-based surveys have...

    Authors: Ulrich Marcus, Axel J Schmidt, Osamah Hamouda and Michael Bochow
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has at least doubled in the past 25 years with a major impact on health. In 2005 a prevention protocol was developed applicable within Youth Health Care. Th...

    Authors: Lydian Veldhuis, Mirjam K Struijk, Willemieke Kroeze, Anke Oenema, Carry M Renders, Anneke MW Bulk-Bunschoten, Remy A HiraSing and Hein Raat
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:177
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  34. The National Institute of Clinical Excellence in the UK has recommended that the effectiveness of ongoing exercise referral schemes to promote physical activity should be examined in research trials. Recent em...

    Authors: Kate Jolly, Joan L Duda, Amanda Daley, Frank F Eves, Nanette Mutrie, Nikos Ntoumanis, Peter C Rouse, Rekha Lodhia and Geoffrey C Williams
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:176
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  35. There is uncertainty as to whether there is a safe threshold for drinking alcohol during pregnancy. We explored pregnant women's attitudes towards drinking alcohol in pregnancy and their attitudes towards sour...

    Authors: Neil Raymond, Charlotte Beer, Cristine Glazebrook and Kapil Sayal
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:175
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Over 30% of women and men in the South African national HIV household of 2005 indicated that they had previously been tested for HIV (of which 91% were aware of their test results). This paper seeks to describ...

    Authors: Karl Peltzer, Gladys Matseke, Thembile Mzolo and Mmapaseka Majaja
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. European trans-national adolescent smoking prevention interventions based on social influences approaches have had limited success. The attitudes-social influences-efficacy (ASE) model is a social cognition mo...

    Authors: Wolfgang A Markham, Maria Luisa Lopez, Paul Aveyard, Pablo Herrero, Christopher Bridle, Angel Comas, Anne Charlton and Hywel Thomas
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The family is the main environment where children are socialized and learn individual behavior. Although previous studies have examined predictors of preadolescent first alcohol use, few studies have analyzed ...

    Authors: Chao-Chia Hung, Lee-Lan Yen and Wen-Chi Wu
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Street-involved youth contend with an array of health and social challenges, including elevated rates of blood-borne infections and mortality. In addition, there has been growing concern regarding high-risk dr...

    Authors: Thomas Kerr, Brandon DL Marshall, Cari Miller, Kate Shannon, Ruth Zhang, Julio SG Montaner and Evan Wood
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Fear of falling and avoidance of activity are common in old age and are suggested to be (public) health problems of equal importance to falls. Earlier studies of correlates of fear of falling and avoidance of ...

    Authors: Gertrudis IJM Kempen, Jolanda CM van Haastregt, Kevin J McKee, Kim Delbaere and GA Rixt Zijlstra
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Assessments for long-term incapacity for work are performed by Social Insurance Physicians (SIPs) who rely on interviews with claimants as an important part of the process. These interviews are susceptible to ...

    Authors: Wout EL de Boer, Haije Wind, Frank JH van Dijk and Han HBM Willems
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. While enhancing physical activity has been an essential goal of public health officials, people with physical impairments such as spinal cord injury (SCI) are more likely to live a sedentary lifestyle. Exercis...

    Authors: Matthew Kehn and Thilo Kroll
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The burden of non-communicable diseases is rising globally. This trend seems to be faster in developing countries of the Middle East. In this study, we presented the latest prevalence rates of a number of impo...

    Authors: Alireza Esteghamati, Alipasha Meysamie, Omid Khalilzadeh, Armin Rashidi, Mehrdad Haghazali, Fereshteh Asgari, Mandana Kamgar, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya and Mehrshad Abbasi
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Current guidelines recommend education, physical activity and changes in diet for type 2 diabetes patients, yet the composition and organization of non-pharmacological care are still controversial. Therefore, ...

    Authors: Eva S Vadstrup, Anne Frølich, Hans Perrild, Eva Borg and Michael Røder
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:166
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  45. Despite evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to modify lifestyle behaviours in the primary health care (PHC) setting, assessment and intervention for these behaviours remains low in routine practice...

    Authors: Rachel A Laws, Upali W Jayasinghe, Mark F Harris, Anna M Williams, Gawaine Powell Davies and Lynn A Kemp
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The life course approach emphasises the contribution of circumstances in childhood and youth to adult health inequalities. However, there is still a lot to know of the contribution of living conditions in chil...

    Authors: Laura Kestilä, Tuija Martelin, Ossi Rahkonen, Tommi Härkänen and Seppo Koskinen
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. HIV serosurveys have become important sources of HIV prevalence estimates, but these estimates may be biased because of refusals and other forms of non-response. We investigate the effect of the post-test coun...

    Authors: Georges Reniers, Tekebash Araya, Yemane Berhane, Gail Davey and Eduard J Sanders
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. We investigated whether lack of perceived neighborhood safety due to crime, or living in high crime neighborhoods was associated with incident mobility disability in elderly populations. We hypothesized that l...

    Authors: Cheryl R Clark, Ichiro Kawachi, Louise Ryan, Karen Ertel, Martha E Fay and Lisa F Berkman
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Thailand has joined the World Health Organization effort to prepare against a threat of an influenza pandemic. Regular monitoring on preparedness of health facilities and assessment on perception of the front-...

    Authors: Tapanan Prateepko and Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:161
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Diverse projects and guidelines to assist hospitals towards the attainment of comprehensive smoke-free policies have been developed. In 2006, Spain government passed a new smoking ban that reinforce tobacco co...

    Authors: Cristina Martínez, Marcela Fu, Jose M Martínez-Sánchez, Montse Ballbè, Montse Puig, Montse García, Esther Carabasa, Esteve Saltó and Esteve Fernández
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2009 9:160
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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