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  1. Alcohol use is increasing among women in Africa, and comparable information about women's current alcohol use is needed to inform national and international health policies relevant to the entire population. T...

    Authors: Priscilla Martinez, Jo Røislien, Nirmala Naidoo and Thomas Clausen
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:160
  2. Ghana's maternal mortality ratio remains high despite efforts made to meet Millennium Development Goal 5. A number of studies have been conducted on maternal mortality in Ghana; however, little is known about ...

    Authors: Benedict O Asamoah, Kontie M Moussa, Martin Stafström and Geofrey Musinguzi
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:159
  3. Infection with Mycobacterium bovis (Mb) predominantly causes cervical TB lymphadenitis (TBL). Raw milk is considered the main source of Mb infection and raw milk is a major food source for Afar pastoralists. The ...

    Authors: Mengistu Legesse, Gobena Ameni, Gezahegne Mamo, Girmay Medhin, Gunnar Bjune and Fekadu Abebe
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:157
  4. Cohort studies are an important study design however they are difficult to implement, often suffer from poor retention, low participation and bias. The aims of this paper are to describe the methods used to re...

    Authors: Jennifer Walker, Christopher K Fairley, Eve Urban, Marcus Y Chen, Catriona Bradshaw, Sandra M Walker, Basil Donovan, Sepehr N Tabrizi, Kathleen McNamee, Marian Currie, Marie Pirotta, John Kaldor, Lyle C Gurrin, Hudson Birden, Veerakathy Harindra, Francis J Bowden…
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:156
  5. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) has an increasing rate in Turkey. The reason remains largely unknown. A better understanding of the demographic and microbial characteristics of EPTB in the Turkish populatio...

    Authors: Selami Gunal, Zhenhua Yang, Mansi Agarwal, Mehmet Koroglu, Zeynep Kazgan Arıcı and Riza Durmaz
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:154
  6. A previous study found marked differences in smoking between employees in various university faculties in Tartu, Estonia, soon after the disruption of communism. The present study was conducted to see whether ...

    Authors: Simo Näyhä, Jana Kivastik, Peet-Henn Kingisepp and Rauno Heikkinen
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:153
  7. Recommendations about precautionary behaviors are a key part of public health responses to infectious disease threats such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Individuals' interpretation of recommendations, willingness...

    Authors: Marc T Kiviniemi, Pavani K Ram, Lynn T Kozlowski and Kaitlin M Smith
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:152
  8. An 'opt-out' policy of routine HIV counseling and testing (HCT) is being implemented across sub-Saharan Africa to expand prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Although the underlying assumption i...

    Authors: Opondo Awiti Ujiji, Birgitta Rubenson, Festus Ilako, Gaetano Marrone, David Wamalwa, Gilbert Wangalwa and Anna Mia Ekström
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:151
  9. The cost of maternity care can be a barrier to access that may increase maternal and neonatal mortality risk. We analyzed spending on maternity care in urban slum communities in Mumbai to better understand the...

    Authors: Jolene Skordis-Worrall, Noemi Pace, Ujwala Bapat, Sushmita Das, Neena S More, Wasundhara Joshi, Anni-Maria Pulkki-Brannstrom and David Osrin
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:150
  10. The rate of influenza vaccination in Japan has declined over the past several decades. It is essential to identify community-specific factors that affect attitudes toward vaccination, but such parameters have ...

    Authors: Daisuke Matsui, Masako Shigeta, Kotaro Ozasa, Nagato Kuriyama, Isao Watanabe and Yoshiyuki Watanabe
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:149
  11. In general dog-owners are more physically active than non-owners, however; it is not known whether dog-ownership can influence seasonal fluctuations in physical activity. This study examines whether dog-owners...

    Authors: Parabhdeep Lail, Gavin R McCormack and Melanie Rock
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:148
  12. Cooperation between different public and private health institutes involved in tuberculosis (TB) control has proven to enhance TB control in different settings. In China, such a mechanism has not been set up y...

    Authors: Tianhua Zhang, Liujia Guo, Shaoru Zhang, Weiping Liu, Guanghua Chen, Ma Hui, Guangxue He, Marieke J van der Werf and Susan van den Hof
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:147
  13. The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System Operations (AFHSC-GEIS) initiated a coordinated, multidisciplinary program to link data sets...

    Authors: Clara J Witt, Allen L Richards, Penny M Masuoka, Desmond H Foley, Anna L Buczak, Lillian A Musila, Jason H Richardson, Michelle G Colacicco-Mayhugh, Leopoldo M Rueda, Terry A Klein, Assaf Anyamba, Jennifer Small, Julie A Pavlin, Mark M Fukuda, Joel Gaydos and Kevin L Russell
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 2):S10

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 2

  14. Vector-borne infections (VBI) are defined as infectious diseases transmitted by the bite or mechanical transfer of arthropod vectors. They constitute a significant proportion of the global infectious disease b...

    Authors: Mark M Fukuda, Terry A Klein, Tadeusz Kochel, Talia M Quandelacy, Bryan L Smith, Jeff Villinski, Delia Bethell, Stuart Tyner, Youry Se, Chanthap Lon, David Saunders, Jacob Johnson, Eric Wagar, Douglas Walsh, Matthew Kasper, Jose L Sanchez…
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 2):S9

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 2

  15. International infectious disease surveillance has been conducted by the United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DoD) for many years and has been consolidated within the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Cen...

    Authors: William G Meyer, Julie A Pavlin, Duane Hospenthal, Clinton K Murray, Kurt Jerke, Anthony Hawksworth, David Metzgar, Todd Myers, Douglas Walsh, Max Wu, Rosa Ergas, Uzo Chukwuma, Steven Tobias, John Klena, Isabelle Nakhla, Maha Talaat…
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 2):S8

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 2

  16. The mission of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) is to support global public health and to counter infectious dis...

    Authors: Nisha N Money, Ryan C Maves, Peter Sebeny, Matthew R Kasper and Mark S Riddle
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 2):S7

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 2

  17. The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center’s Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) supports and oversees surveillance for emerging infectious diseases, including...

    Authors: Ronald L Burke, Kelly G Vest, Angelia A Eick, Jose L Sanchez, Matthew C Johns, Julie A Pavlin, Richard G Jarman, Jerry L Mothershead, Miguel Quintana, Thomas Palys, Michael J Cooper, Jian Guan, David Schnabel, John Waitumbi, Alisa Wilma, Candelaria Daniels…
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 2):S6

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 2

  18. Training is a key component of building capacity for public health surveillance and response, but has often been difficult to quantify. During fiscal 2009, the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division...

    Authors: Jean L Otto, Priya Baliga, Jose L Sanchez, Matthew C Johns, Gregory C Gray, John Grieco, Andres G Lescano, Jerry L Mothershead, Eric J Wagar and David L Blazes
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 2):S5

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 2

  19. Capacity-building initiatives related to public health are defined as developing laboratory infrastructure, strengthening host-country disease surveillance initiatives, transferring technical expertise and tra...

    Authors: Jose L Sanchez, Matthew C Johns, Ronald L Burke, Kelly G Vest, Mark M Fukuda, In-Kyu Yoon, Chanthap Lon, Miguel Quintana, David C Schnabel, Guillermo Pimentel, Moustafa Mansour, Steven Tobias, Joel M Montgomery, Gregory C Gray, Karen Saylors, Lucy M Ndip…
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 2):S4

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 2

  20. A cornerstone of effective disease surveillance programs comprises the early identification of infectious threats and the subsequent rapid response to prevent further spread. Effectively identifying, tracking ...

    Authors: Matthew C Johns, Ronald L Burke, Kelly G Vest, Mark Fukuda, Julie A Pavlin, Sanjaya K Shrestha, David C Schnabel, Steven Tobias, Jeffrey A Tjaden, Joel M Montgomery, Dennis J Faix, Mark R Duffy, Michael J Cooper, Jose L Sanchez and David L Blazes
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 2):S3

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 2

  21. The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) has the mission of performing surveillance for emerging infectious diseases that could affe...

    Authors: Kevin L Russell, Jennifer Rubenstein, Ronald L Burke, Kelly G Vest, Matthew C Johns, Jose L Sanchez, William Meyer, Mark M Fukuda and David L Blazes
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 2):S2

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 2

  22. Since its establishment in February 2008, the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC) has embarked on a number of initiatives and projects in collaboration with a variety of agencies in the Department ...

    Authors: Robert F DeFraites
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 2):S1

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 2

  23. Implementation of smoke free policies has potentially substantial effects on health by reducing secondhand smoke exposure. However little is known about whether the introduction of anti-smoking legislation tra...

    Authors: Alisa B Naiman, Richard H Glazier and Rahim Moineddin
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:146
  24. The summer of 2007 was the wettest in the UK since records began in 1914 and resulted in severe flooding in several regions. We carried out a health impact assessment using population-based surveys to assess t...

    Authors: Shantini Paranjothy, John Gallacher, Richard Amlôt, G James Rubin, Lisa Page, Tony Baxter, Jeremy Wight, David Kirrage, Rosemary McNaught and Palmer SR
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:145
  25. It is desirable that those at highest risk of cardiovascular disease should have priority for preventive measures, eg. treatment with prescription drugs to modify their risk. We wanted to investigate to what e...

    Authors: Mette Brekke and Jørund Straand
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:144
  26. Many countries are facing the burden of accelerated population aging and a lack of institutional support to meet the needs of older individuals. In developing countries, adult children are primarily responsibl...

    Authors: Ramesh Adhikari, Aree Jampaklay and Aphichat Chamratrithirong
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:143
  27. The growth in numbers of older people represents a considerable cost to health and social care services in the United Kingdom. There is an acknowledged need to address issues of social exclusion and both the p...

    Authors: Ann Skingley, Stephen M Clift, Simon P Coulton and John Rodriguez
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:142
  28. Patients with tuberculosis require retreatment if they fail or default from initial treatment or if they relapse following initial treatment success. Outcomes among patients receiving a standard World Health O...

    Authors: Kelly E Dooley, Ouafae Lahlou, Iraqi Ghali, Janine Knudsen, My Driss Elmessaoudi, Imad Cherkaoui and Rajae El Aouad
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:140
  29. Education is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease incidence in developed countries. Blood pressure may be an explanatory biological mechanism. However few studies have investigated educational grad...

    Authors: Eric B Loucks, Michal Abrahamowicz, Yongling Xiao and John W Lynch
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:139
  30. Psychological factors associated with low social status have been proposed as one possible explanation for the socio-economic gradient in health. The aim of this study is to explore whether different indicator...

    Authors: Kirsi M Talala, Taina M Huurre, Tiina KM Laatikainen, Tuija P Martelin, Aini I Ostamo and Ritva S Prättälä
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:138
  31. An accurate prediction of unplanned readmission (UR) after discharge from hospital can facilitate physician's decision making processes for providing better quality of care in geriatric patients. The objective...

    Authors: Jui-Kun Chiang, Chin-Hua Fu, Terry BJ Kuo and Malcolm Koo
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:137
  32. Controlling obesity has become one of the highest priorities for public health practitioners in developed countries. In the absence of safe, effective and widely accessible high-risk approaches (e.g. drugs and...

    Authors: Helen L Walls, Anna Peeters, Joseph Proietto and John J McNeil
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:136
  33. The relationship between subjective social status (SSS), a person's perception of his/her relative position in the social hierarchy, and the ability to achieve long-term smoking abstinence during a specific qu...

    Authors: Lorraine R Reitzel, Michael S Businelle, Darla E Kendzor, Yisheng Li, Yumei Cao, Yessenia Castro, Carlos A Mazas, Ludmila Cofta-Woerpel, Paul M Cinciripini and David W Wetter
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:135
  34. Previous cross-sectional research has suggested single cigarettes could either promote or inhibit consumption. The present study aimed to assess the effects of single cigarette availability and consumption on ...

    Authors: James F Thrasher, Victor Villalobos, Joaquin Barnoya, Raul Sansores and Richard O'Connor
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:134
  35. To compare reactions to warning labels presented on cigarette packages with a specific focus on whether the new Chinese warning labels are better than the old labels and international labels.

    Authors: Yu Qin, Ming Wu, Xiaoqun Pan, Quanyong Xiang, Jianping Huang, Zenghui Gu, Zumin Shi and Minghao Zhou
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:133
  36. Recent studies have suggested that vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine resulted in an apparent higher risk of infection with pandemic influenza H1N1 2009. A simple mathematical model incorporating stra...

    Authors: Geoffry N Mercer, Steven I Barry and Heath Kelly
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 1):S11

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 1

  37. For a typical influenza infection in vivo, viral titers over time are characterized by 1–2 days of exponential growth followed by an exponential decay. This simple dynamic can be reproduced by a broad range of...

    Authors: Benjamin P Holder and Catherine AA Beauchemin
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 1):S10

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 1

  38. In April 2009, a new strain of H1N1 influenza virus, referred to as pandemic influenza A (H1N1) was first detected in humans in the United States, followed by an outbreak in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Soon...

    Authors: Zhen Jin, Juping Zhang, Li-Peng Song, Gui-Quan Sun, Jianli Kan and Huaiping Zhu
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 1):S9

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 1

  39. Human influenza is characterized by seasonal epidemics, caused by rapid viral adaptation to population immunity. Vaccination against influenza must be updated annually, following surveillance of newly appearin...

    Authors: Murray E Alexander and Randy Kobes
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 1):S8

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 1

  40. Most mathematical models used to study the dynamics of influenza A have thus far focused on the between-host population level, with the aim to inform public health decisions regarding issues such as drug and s...

    Authors: Catherine AA Beauchemin and Andreas Handel
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 1):S7

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 1

  41. Influenza super-strains can emerge through recombination of strains from birds, pigs, and humans. However, once a new recombinant strain emerges, it is not clear whether the strain is capable of sustaining an ...

    Authors: Brian J Coburn, Chris Cosner and Shigui Ruan
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 1):S6

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 1

  42. There is an urgent need to understand how the provision of information influences individual risk perception and how this in turn shapes the evolution of epidemics. Individuals are influenced by information in...

    Authors: Jean M Tchuenche, Nothabo Dube, Claver P Bhunu, Robert J Smith and Chris T Bauch
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 1):S5

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 1

  43. Influenza vaccination is vital for reducing H1N1 infection-mediated morbidity and mortality. To reduce transmission and achieve herd immunity during the initial 2009-2010 pandemic season, the US Centers for Di...

    Authors: Eunha Shim, Lauren Ancel Meyers and Alison P Galvani
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 1):S4

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 1

  44. Epidemics with multiple infection waves have been documented for some human diseases, most notably during past influenza pandemics. While pathogen evolution, co-infection, and behavioural changes have been pro...

    Authors: Lindsay Wessel, Yi Hua, Jianhong Wu and Seyed M Moghadas
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 1):S2

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 1

  45. In 2009 and the early part of 2010, the northern hemisphere had to cope with the first waves of the new influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. Despite high-profile vaccination campaigns in many countries, delays in admi...

    Authors: Sigrún Andradóttir, Wenchi Chiu, David Goldsman, Mi Lim Lee, Kwok-Leung Tsui, Beate Sander, David N Fisman and Azhar Nizam
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11(Suppl 1):S1

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 11 Supplement 1

  46. Community-based interventions are a promising approach and an important component of a comprehensive response to obesity. In this paper we describe the Collaboration of COmmunity-based Obesity Prevention Sites (C...

    Authors: Steven Allender, Melanie Nichols, Chad Foulkes, Rebecca Reynolds, Elizabeth Waters, Lesley King, Tim Gill, Rebecca Armstrong and Boyd Swinburn
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:132
  47. Approximately 20-40% of outpatients with diabetes experience elevated levels of emotional distress, varying from disease-specific distress to general symptoms of anxiety and depression. The patient's emotional...

    Authors: Jenny van Son, Ivan Nyklíček, Victor JM Pop and François Pouwer
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2011 11:131

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