Table 3 Multiple logistic regression model with current smoking as outcome (n = 2,683)
From: Risk factors for smoking in adolescence: evidence from a cross-sectional survey in Switzerland
OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender: male | 1 | ||
Gender: female | 1.39 | (1.09–1.77) | 0.007 |
Gender: other | 1.50 | (0.66–3.40) | 0.328 |
Age | 1.30 | (1.21–1.41) | < 0.001 |
Migration background: Both parents born in Switzerland | 1 | ||
Migration background: one parent born in Switzerland | 1.17 | (0.88–1.55) | 0.279 |
Migration background: both parents born in Switzerland | 1.28 | (0.96–1.69) | 0.090 |
Language region of residence: German | 1 | ||
Language region of residence: French | 1.39 | (1.05–1.84) | 0.021 |
Language region of residence: Italian | 0.95 | (0.70–1.30) | 0.743 |
Urbanicity of place of residence: rural | 1 | ||
Urbanicity of place of residence: suburban | 1.35 | (1.04–1.76) | 0.023 |
Urbanicity of place of residence: urban | 1.27 | (0.95–1.69) | 0.109 |
Financial situation: ““We are in a good financial situation and can afford many things, but we still have to be mindful of our money.” or better | 1 | ||
Financial situation: “We have enough, and it’s sufficient to treat ourselves occasionally.” or worse | 1.11 | (0.87–1.41) | 0.406 |
Financial situation: “I do not know.” | 1.07 | (0.71–1.61) | 0.738 |
Smoker living in the same household: no | 1 | ||
Smoker living in the same household: yes | 2.41 | (1.92–3.02) | < 0.001 |
Frequency of alcohol consumption: 3 or less | 1 | ||
Frequency of alcohol consumption: at least 4 | 4.10 | (3.20–5.25) | < 0.001 |
Frequency of cannabis/marijuana/hashish consumption: 3 or less | 1 | ||
Frequency of cannabis/marijuana/hashish consumption: at least 4 | 6.72 | (4.68–9.67) | < 0.001 |
Frequency of hookah consumption: 3 or less | 1 | ||
Frequency of hookah consumption: at least 4 | 5.07 | (2.91–8.85) | < 0.001 |
Frequency of social media consumption: daily or less often | 1 | ||
Frequency of social media consumption: several times a day | 1.05 | (0.83–1.31) | 0.703 |
Top five leisure activities: Sports: yes | 1 | ||
Top five leisure activities: Sports: no | 1.90 | (1.50–2.39) | < 0.001 |
Top five leisure activities: Music: yes | 1 | ||
Top five leisure activity: Music: no | 1.42 | (1.03–1.95) | 0.031 |
Stress level at home/with family members: 3 or less | 1 | ||
Stress level at home/with family members: at least 4 | 1.74 | (1.35–2.24) | < 0.001 |
Sensation seeking: 4 or less | 1 | ||
Sensation seeking: at least 5 | 1.14 | (0.89–1.46) | 0.309 |
Health awareness: 4 or less | 1 | ||
Health awareness: at least 5 | 0.33 | (0.19–0.56) | < 0.001 |
Risk-seeking: 4 or less | 1 | ||
Risk-seeking: at least 5 | 2.15 | (1.65–2.80) | < 0.001 |
Affiliation motivation: 4 or less | 1 | ||
Affiliation motivation: at least 5 | 0.92 | (0.73–1.16) | 0.495 |
Openness: 4 or less | 1 | ||
Openness: at least 5 | 1.00 | (0.78–1.28) | 1.000 |
Relational self-esteem: 4 or less | 1 | ||
Relational self-esteem: at least 5 | 0.78 | (0.60–1.00) | 0.054 |
General well-being: 4 or less | 1 | ||
General well-being: at least 5 | 0.52 | (0.29–0.91) | 0.022 |