Table 1 Description of independent variables

Demographic

Gender

0 = male

1 = female

2 = other

Age

14–19

Migration background

0 = both parents born in Switzerland

1 = one parent born in Switzerland

2 = both parents born outside Switzerland

Language region of residence

0 = German

1 = French

2 = Italian

Urbanicity of place of residence

0 = rural

1 = suburban

2 = urban

Household

Financial situation of household

0=“We are in a good financial situation and can afford many things, but we still have to be mindful of our money.” or better

1=“We have enough, and it’s sufficient to treat ourselves occasionally.” or worse

2=“I do not know.”

Smoker living in the same household

0 = no

1 = yes

Behavioural

Frequency of alcohol consumption

0 = 3 or less

1 = at least 4*

Frequency of cannabis/marijuana/hashish consumption

0 = 3 or less

1 = at least 4*

Frequency of hookah consumption

0 = 3 or less

1 = at least 4*

Frequency of social media consumption

0 = daily or less often

1 = several times a day**

Top five leisure activity: Sports

0 = yes

1 = no

Top five leisure activity: Music

0 = yes

1 = no

Psychographic

Stress level at home/with family members

0 = 3 or less

1 = at least 4***

Sensation seeking

0 = 4 or less

1 = at least 5***

Health awareness

0 = 4 or less

1 = at least 5***

Risk-seeking

0 = 4 or less

1 = at least 5***

Affiliation motivation

0 = 4 or less

1 = at least 5***

Openness

0 = 4 or less

1 = at least 5***

Relational self-esteem

0 = 4 or less

1 = at least 5***

General well-being

0 = 4 or less

1 = at least 5***