Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of the participants (n = 427)
Variables | n (%) | Variables | n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex |  | Farmers’ use of pesticides | |
 Male | 211 (49.4) | (can give > 1 answer) | |
 Female | 216 (50.6) | Insecticide | 271 (63.5) |
Age (years) | Â | Herbicide | 380 (89.0) |
 < 40 | 69 (16.2) | Fungicide | 142 (33.3) |
 40–51 | 141 (33.0) | Rodenticide | 15 (3.5) |
 52–59 | 146 (34.2) | Years of pesticide use |  |
 ≥ 60 | 71 (16.6) | < 10 | 255 (59.7) |
(Mean = 50.81, SD = 8.58) |  | 10–19 | 61 (14.3) |
Marital status |  | ≥ 20 | 111 (26.0) |
 Single | 30 (7.0) | (Mean = 12.32, SD = 8.27) |  |
 Married | 356 (83.4) | Function in pesticide use |  |
 Divorced/widowed | 41 (9.6) | Only mixer | 81 (19.0) |
Education level | Â | Mixer and sprayer | 309 (72.4) |
 Primary school | 212 (49.7) | Only sprayer | 37 (8.6) |
 Junior high school | 86 (20.1) | Training in safe pesticide use | |
 High school/equivalent | 106 (24.8) | Trained | 363 (85.0) |
 Diploma/equivalent | 17 (4.0) | Not trained | 64 (15.0) |
 Bachelor’s degree/higher | 6 (1.4) | Information sources about pesticides (can give > 1 answer) | |
Average monthly income (Thai baths) | Health care providers | 231 (54.1) | |
 < 5,000 | 181 (42.4) | Agricultural providers | 323 (75.6) |
 5,000–9,999 | 64 (15.0) | Relatives | 71 (16.6) |
 ≥ 10,000 | 182 (42.6) | Fellow farmers | 138 (32.3) |
(Mean = 8,824.47, SD = 6,671.37) | Radio | 46 (10.8) | |
Cultivated farm plants (can give > 1 answer) | Community broadcast tower Television | 49 (11.5) 88 (20.6) | |
 Sugarcane | 64 (15.0) | Internet | 71 (16.6) |
 Corn | 268 (62.8) | Pesticide container labels | 190 (44.5) |
 Cassava | 128 (30.0) | Pesticide retailers | 161 (37.7) |
 Pineapple | 23 (5.4) |  |  |
 Rice | 117 (27.4) |  |  |
 Tobacco | 3 (0.7) |  |  |
 Peanuts | 7 (1.6) |  |  |