Table 1 The characteristics with weighted data of study population in the China health and retirement longitudinal study

Weight data(%)

57,710,850 (60.6)

23,919,933 (25.1)

5,121,291 (5.3)

8,459,599 (8.9)

Age(years)

58.5 ± 8.8

58.4 ± 8.4

57.9 ± 7.8

59.6 ± 8.2

0.030

Age group

< 0.01

< 60 years

58 (54.5–61.4)

56.5 (52.9–59.9)

57.8 (50-65.1)

48.9 (43.8–54.8)

≥ 60 years

42 (38.6–45.5)

43.5 (40.1–47.1)

42.2 (34.9–50)

51.1 (45.2–56.2)

Urban/Rural

< 0.001

Urban

56.1 (52.5–59.6)

68.9 (65.3–72.2)

74.7 (67-81.1)

67.6 (61.5–73.1)

Rural

43.9 (40.4–47.5)

31.1 (27.8–34.7)

25.3 (18.9–33)

32.4 (26.9–38.5)

Education levels

Under elementary school

52.2 (48.9–55.5)

61.1 (57.6–64.6)

66.7 (62.73.1)

67.8 (62-73.1)

0.008

Elementary and middle school

41 (38–44)

35.4 (32-38.9)

30.3 (23.6–38)

29.5 (24.4–35.1)

High school or above

6.9 (4.8–9.7)

3.5 (2.4-5.0)

3 (1.1-8.0)

2.8 (1.2–6.3)

Married status

< 0.001

Current unmarried

6.5 (5.3–7.9)

8 (6.4–7.1)

10.4 (6.6–16)

11.3 (8-15.8)

Current married

93.5 (92.1–94.7)

92 (89.9–93.6)

89.6 (84-93.4)

88.7 (84.2–92)

Body mass index category

0.007

Underweight

4.4 (3.5–5.5)

7.1 (5.4–9.2)

5.6 (3.2–9.6)

10.6 (7.6–14.6)

Normal

54.9 (51.4–58.3)

61.6 (58.1–65)

66.4 (59-73.1)

57.9 (51.9–63.6)

Overweight

29.3 (26.4–32.4)

23.5 (20.7–26.6)

21.8 (16.2–28.7)

24.4 (19.6–30)

Obese

11.4 (8.4–15.2)

7.8 (6.0-10.1)

6.2 (3.6–10.4)

7.1 (4.4–11.2)

Smoking

Never

27.6 (24.7–30.6)

25.2 (22.2–28.5)

27.5 (21-35.1)

19.7 (15.6–24.6)

< 0.001

Ever

16.8 (13.7–20.5)

13.3 (11-15.9)

14.2 (9.6–20.5)

16.8 (12.6–22)

Current

55.6 (52.1–59)

61.5 (58-64.9)

58.3 (50.4–65.8)

63.5 (57.6–69)

Drinking alcohol

0.03

More than once a month

49.3 (46-52.6)

41.6 (28.2–45.1)

43.4 (35.9–51.1)

41.1 (35.5–46.9)

Less than once a month

12.1 (7.1–14.3)

13.3 (10.9–16)

8.4 (4.6–14.8)

10.2 (4.6–14.8)

Never

38.6 (35.6–41.8)

45.1 (41.6–48.7)

48.2 (40.5–56)

48.8 (42.9–54.6)

Difficult mobility

< 0.001

No

56.3 (53-59.5)

40.2 (36.7–43.7)

16.8 (12.2–22.8)

27.6 (22.6–33.3)

Yes

43.7 (40.5–47)

59.8 (56.3–63.3)

83.2 (77.2–87.8)

72.4 (66.7–77.4)

Night sleep duration

< 0.001

< 6 h

17.8 (15.8–19.9)

31.3 (28.1–34.7)

40.6 (33.2–48.4)

39.7 (24.1–45.5)

6–6.99 h

22.9 (20.2–25.8)

21.4 (18.6–24.4)

19.9 (14.2–27)

21.7 (17.1–27)

7–8.9 h

49.9 (46.6–53.3)

38.9 (35.5–42.5)

36 (28.8–43.8)

33.5 (28.1–39.3)

≥ 9 h

9.5 (6.6–13.3)

8.4 (6.6–10.6)

3.6 (1.8–6.9)

5.2 (3.2–8.4)

Napping

0.06

0 h

41.7 (38.5–44.9)

44.7 (41.1–48.3)

44.9 (37.4–52.7)

43.8 (38.2–49.7)

0.1–1 h

19.2 (16.6–22.2)

18.5 (15.9–21.4)

13.4 (9-19.4)

13.2 (9.8–17.4)

> 1 h

39.1 (35.8–42.4)

36.8 (33.5–40.3)

41.7 (34.2–49.6)

43 (37.2–48.9)

The number of chronic multimorbidity

< 0.001

0

40.8 (37.9–43.9)

36.2 (32.9–39.7)

26.5 (20.3–33.7)

22.4 (17.9–27.7)

1

29.9 (27.1–33)

29.8 (36.6–33.2)

30.8 (24.1–38.4)

30.5 (25.4–36.1)

2

18.3 (15.2–21.9)

19.2 (16.7–22.1)

23.3 (17–31)

20 (15.8–25.1)

≥ 3

10.9 (8.6–13.8)

14.8 (12.5–17.4)

19.5 (14.1–26.3)

27.1 (22.1–32.7)

Disabilities

< 0.001

No

87.7 (86-89.2)

83.5 (80.7–85.9)

69.6 (62-76.4)

72.2 (66.7–77.2)

Yes

12.3 (10.8–14)

16.5 (14.1–19.3)

30.4 (23.6–38)

27.8 (22.8–33.3)

Accident

0.086

No

87 (84.2–89.4)

87.7 (85.1–90)

85.4 (78.6–90.3)

82.2 (77.3–86.3)

Yes

13 (10.6–15.8)

12.3 (10-14.9)

14.6 (9.7–21.4)

17.8 (16.7–22.7)

Fallen down

< 0.001

No

89.2 (85.5–92.1)

88.1 (85.6–90.2)

79.7 (72.5–85.4)

80.5 (75.5–84.7)

Yes

10.8 (7.9–14.5)

11.9 (9.8–14.4)

20.3 (14.6–27.5)

19.5 (15.3–24.5)

LUTS/BPH

0.009

No

89 (86.2–91.3)

89.1 (86.8–91.1)

85.6 (78.3–90.7)

84.8 (80.2–88.6)

Yes

11 (8.7–13.8)

10.9 (8.9–13.2)

14.4 (9.3–21.7)

15.2 (11.4–19.8)

Depressive symptom scores (CED-S10)

< 0.001

Year 2011

6.8 ± 2.5

10.7 ± 4.3

15.0 ± 2.9

13.6 ± 4.7

< 0.001

Year 2013

5.3 ± 2.9

7.7 ± 4.4

7.2 ± 2.9

15.4 ± 3.2

< 0.001

Year 2015

5.8 ± 2.7

9.2 ± 4.6

15.2 ± 3.3

13.7 ± 5.8

0.06