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Table 1 Sample descriptive statistics

From: Which aspects of education are health protective? a life course examination of early education and adulthood cardiometabolic health in the 30-year study of early child care and Youth Development (SECCYD)

 

Mean (SE) or

n (%)

95% CI

Child socio-demographics

  

Biological sex (female)

655 (48.2%)

-

Black

171 (12.6%)

-

Latino

83 (6.1%)

-

Asian/PI

19 (1.4%)

-

‘Other’

47 (3.5%)

-

White

1039 (76.4%)

-

Infant characteristics

  

Temperament (6 months)

3.18 (0.011)

3.162, 3.205

Intelligence (15 months)

108.29 (0.394)

107.541, 109.041

Parental SES

  

Mother, college degree+

480 (35.3%)

-

Father, college degree+

487 (39.1%)

-

Families, below poverty (based on mean income-to-needs ratio)

180.2 (13.3%)

-

Child health status

  

Gestational age (weeks)

39.26 (0.040)

39.184, 39.340

Preterm (< 37 months)

53 (3.9%)

-

Early term (37–38 months)

295 (22.0%)

-

Breastfeeding (months)

4.13 (0.155)

3.826, 4.432

No breastfeeding

433 (31.9%)

-

BMI percentile (mean: 24, 36, 54 months)

57.15 (0.759)

55.755, 58.544

Overweight or obese (24 months)

155 (15.7%)

-

Overweight or obese (36 months)

203 (18.7%)

-

Overweight or obese (54 months)

255 (24.8%)

-

General health rating (mean: 6, 15, 24, 36, 54 months)

3.28 (0.013)

3.254, 3.304

General health rating ‘poor’ or ‘fair’ (6–54 months)

251 (19.3%)

-

Early educational indicators

  

Student social skills (teacher reported)

102.70 (0.306)

102.035, 103.260

Student academic achievement (math/reading assessment)

106.29 (0.349)

105.635, 106.945

Student-teacher relationship (teacher reported)

63.63 (0.181)

63.295, 63.972

Classroom emotional quality (observer rated)

5.37 (0.019)

5.338, 5.412

Classroom instructional quality (observer rated)

4.20 (0.017)

4.167, 4.235

Adult cardiometabolic risk indicators

  

WC (cm)

93.21 (0.607)

92.243, 94.167

WC risk (≥ 80 cm women, ≥ 94 cm men)

342 (52.9%)

-

SBP (mm Hg)

116.03 (0.447)

115.341, 116.721

DBP (mm Hg)

73.40 (0.411)

72.828, 73.973

BP risk (SBP ≥ 130 or DBP ≥ 80)

189 (29.3%)

-

HbA1c (%)

5.31 (0.108)

5.183, 5.439

HbA1c risk (≥ 5.7%)

170 (32.4%)

-

CRP (mg/L)

4.58 (0.177)

4.345, 4.814

CRP risk (≥ 10 mg/L)

63 (12.0%)

-

HDL (mg/dL)

53.65 (0.523)

52.945, 54.345

HDL risk (< 50 mg/dL women, < 40 mg/dL men)

144 (27.4%)

-

Adult pathways (mediators):

  

Adult educational attainment, college degree+

388 (55.8%)

-

Adult household income/dependents, <$50,000/year

436 (63.2%)

-

Adult diet quality

50.212 (0.429)

49.370, 51.054

Adult activity level

76.157 (2.483)

71.280, 81.035

Adult sleep duration

7.286 (0.042)

7.204, 7.368

Adult smoking status, current/past smoking

190 (27.4%)

-

  1. Means, SEs, and 95% CIs are reported from imputed data for 1359 participants for variables in categories: infant characteristics, parental SES, child health status, early education indicators, and adult cardiometabolic risk indicators. All other values are reported from observed data for NICHD SECCYD participants (n = 1359) and SHINE participants (n = 700). For observed values, data are missing as follows: 1 missing data for mother education, 113 for father education, 9 for family poverty, 54 for WC, 56 for BP, 176 for HbA1c, 175 for CRP, 175 for HDL, 5 for adult educational attainment, 10 for adult household income, 39 for adult diet quality, 123 for adult activity level, 121 for adult sleep duration, and 6 for adult smoking status. Abbreviations are as follows: SE standard error; CI confidence interval; PI Pacific Islander; SES socioeconomic status; BMI body mass index; WC waist circumference; SBP systolic blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; BP blood pressure; HbA1c hemoglobin A1c; CRP C-reactive protein; HDL high-density lipoprotein
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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