Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression on the interplay of exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events, and smoking behaviour
Explanatory variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 (Final model) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude odds ratio (COR) | Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) | Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) | Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) | |
Expose to anti-tobacco media messages | Â | Â | Â | |
Yes | 1.35***[1.14,1.60] | Â | Â | 1.29**[1.08,1.53] |
No | 1.00 | Â | Â | 1.00 |
Expose to anti-tobacco media events | Â | Â | Â | |
Yes | 1.49***[1.25,1.78] | Â | Â | 1.31**[1.09,1.59] |
No | 1.00 | Â | Â | 1.00 |
Expose to pro-tobacco messages | Â | Â | Â | |
See people using tobacco on TV | Â | Â | Â | |
Yes | 1.69***[1.43,2.00] | Â | Â | 1.41***[1.17,1.69] |
No | 1.00 | Â | Â | 1.00 |
See tobacco advertisements | Â | Â | Â | |
Yes | 1.24*[1.01,1.53] | Â | Â | 1.11[0.89,1.39] |
No | 1.00 | Â | Â | 1.00 |
Ownership of an object with a tobacco brand logo | Â | Â | Â | |
Yes | 1.99***[1.62,2.45] | Â | Â | 1.49**[1.19,1.86] |
No | 1.00 | Â | Â | 1.00 |
Covariates | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | Â | 5.21***[4.30,6.32] | Â | 4.01***[3.28,4.89] |
Female | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â |
< 15 years |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
15 years and above | Â | 1.57***[1.32,1.86] | Â | 1.47***[1.22,1.76] |
Exposure to smoking behaviour by significant others | Â | Â | Â | |
Parents smoke | Â | Â | Â | Â |
None | Â | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Both | Â | Â | 1.13[0.70,1.81] | 1.14[0.71,1.85] |
Father only | Â | Â | 1.30*[1.01,1.68] | 1.35*[1.04,1.76] |
Mother only | Â | Â | 1.35[0.99,2.06] | 1.47[0.96,2.26] |
Don’t know |  |  | 0.89[0.62,1.28] | 0.93[0.64,1.35] |
Closest friend smoke | Â | Â | Â | |
None of them | Â | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Some of them | Â | Â | 4.26***[3.55,5.12] | 2.87***[2.37,3.48] |
Most of them | Â | Â | 3.36***[2.37,4.77] | 2.46***[1.72,3.51] |
All of them | Â | Â | 3.15***[1.94,5.10] | 2.67***[1.61,4.43] |
Mother smoking in your home | Â | Â | Â | |
Don’t have/see this person |  |  | 0.98[0.76,1.25] | 0.93[0.72,1.20] |
About every day | Â | Â | 1.26[0.86,1.83] | 1.42[0.96,2.09] |
Sometimes | Â | Â | 1.03[0.75,1.40] | 1.06[0.77,1.46] |
Never | Â | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Father smoking in your home | Â | Â | Â | |
Don’t have/see this person |  |  | 1.26[0.98,1.61] | 1.27[0.99,1.64] |
About every day | Â | Â | 1.38[0.99,1.93] | 1.38[0.97,1.97] |
Sometimes | Â | Â | 1.74***[1.33,2.29] | 1.71***[1.29,2.28] |
Never | Â | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Brother/sister smoking in your home | Â | Â | Â | |
Don’t have/see this person |  |  | 0.73*[0.57,0.94] | 0.75*[0.58,0.96] |
About every day | Â | Â | 1.34[0.95,1.89] | 1.26[0.97,1.97] |
Sometimes | Â | Â | 1.71***[1.30,2.23] | 1.61**[1.22,2.13] |
Never | Â | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Other people smoking in your home | Â | Â | Â | |
Don’t have/see this person |  |  | 1.39*[1.03,1.87] | 1.37*[1.01,1.87] |
About every day | Â | Â | 1.64**[1.19,2.25] | 1.70**[1.22,2.36] |
Sometimes | Â | Â | 1.84***[1.45,2.34] | 1.82***[1.42,2.32] |
Never | Â | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
People smoke in school | Â | Â | Â | |
Yes | Â | Â | 1.52***[1.27,1.83] | 1.42***[1.17,1.72] |
No | Â | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Teachers smoking in school buildings | Â | Â | Â | |
About every day | Â | Â | 1.54**[1.15,2.05] | 1.38*[1.02,1.87] |
Sometimes | Â | Â | 1.35**[1.09,1.68] | 1.31*[1.05,1.64] |
Don’t know |  |  | 0.88[0.68,1.14] | 0.92[0.71,1.20] |
Never | Â | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Tobacco companies influence young people to use tobacco | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | Â | Â | 1.13[0.95,1.34] | 1.16[0.97,1.39] |
No | Â | Â | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Constant | 0.04***[0.03,0.04] | 0.02***[0.02,0.03] | 0.02***[0.01,0.02] | 0.00***[0.00,0.01] |
Model fitness | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Prob > Chi2 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
AIC | 4504.184 | 4264.787 | 4118.502 | 3832.684 |