Table 1 Distribution of adolescent smokers by background characteristics
Explanatory variables | Weighted frequencies [n (%)] | Proportion smoking | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n) | (%) | |||
Expose to anti-tobacco media messages | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 3,888(42.6) | 363 | 9.3 | |
No | 5,238(57.4) | 364 | 6.9 | |
Expose to anti-tobacco media events | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 2,252(24.7) | 253 | 11.3 | |
No | 6,875(75.3) | 474 | 6.9 | |
Expose to pro-tobacco messages | ||||
See people using tobacco on TV | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 4,536 (49.7) | 453 | 10.0 | |
No | 4,590 (50.3) | 274 | 6.0 | |
See tobacco advertisements | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 1,296(14.2) | 148 | 11.4 | |
No | 7,831(85.8) | 579 | 7.4 | |
Ownership of an object with a tobacco brand logo | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 869(9.5) | 123 | 14.2 | |
No | 8,258(90.5) | 604 | 7.3 | |
Sex | < 0.001 | |||
Male | 4,203(46.01) | 582 | 13.9 | |
Female | 4,924(53.9) | 145 | 2.9 | |
Age | < 0.001 | |||
< 15 years | 3,873(42.4) | 235 | 6.1 | |
15 years and above | 5,254(57.6) | 492 | 9.4 | |
Grade/form | 0.001 | |||
7 | 3,666(35.8) | 210 | 6.4 | |
8 | 2,002(32.9) | 268 | 8.9 | |
9 | 2,858(31.3) | 249 | 8.7 | |
Parents smoke | < 0.001 | |||
None | 7,220(79.1) | 475 | 6.6 | |
Both | 181(2.0) | 28 | 15.7 | |
Father only | 932(10.2) | 150 | 16.1 | |
Mother only | 268(2.9) | 31 | 11.4 | |
Don’t know | 526(5.8) | 43 | 8.2 | |
Closest friend smoke | < 0.001 | |||
None of them | 7,136(78.2) | 336 | 4.7 | |
Some of them | 1,568(17.2) | 317 | 20.2 | |
Most of them | 302(3.3) | 61 | 20.1 | |
All of them | 121(1.3) | 13 | 11.0 | |
Mother smoking in your home | < 0.001 | |||
Don’t have/see this person | 3,337(36.6) | 252 | 7.5 | |
About every day | 332(3.6) | 49 | 14.7 | |
Sometimes | 600(6.6) | 94 | 15.7 | |
Never | 4,857(53.2) | 332 | 6.8 | |
Father smoking in your home | < 0.001 | |||
Don’t have/see this person | 3,630(39.8) | 251 | 7.0 | |
About every day | 690(7.6) | 91 | 13.2 | |
Sometimes | 1,132(12.4) | 159 | 14.0 | |
Never | 3,675(40.3) | 226 | 6.1 | |
Brother/sister smoking in your home | < 0.001 | |||
Don’t have/see this person | 3,127(34.3) | 218 | 7.0 | |
About every day | 383(4.2) | 58 | 15.1 | |
Sometimes | 749(8.2) | 139 | 18.6 | |
Never | 4,867(53.3) | 312 | 6.4 | |
Other people smoking in your home | < 0.001 | |||
Don’t have/see this person | 2,072(22.7) | 130 | 6.3 | |
About every day | 814(8.9) | 93 | 11.5 | |
Sometimes | 3,049(33.4) | 360 | 11.8 | |
Never | 3,192(35.0) | 144 | 4.5 | |
People smoke in school | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 2,609(28.6) | 310 | 11.9 | |
No | 6,517(71.4) | 417 | 6.4 | |
Teachers smoking in school buildings | < 0.001 | |||
About every day | 543(5.91) | 68 | 12.6 | |
Sometimes | 1,725(19.00) | 211 | 12.2 | |
Never | 5,085(55.67) | 338 | 6.6 | |
Don’t know | 1,774(19.41) | 109 | 6.2 | |
Tobacco companies influence young people to use tobacco | 0.005 | |||
Yes | 3,076 (33.7) | 282 | 9.2 | |
No | 6,050(66.3) | 445 | 7.4 | |
Total | 9,127 | 727 | 8.0 | |