The relationship between gender, psychosocial factors, pain, health literacy and health-related quality of life in parents of Norwegian adolescents one year into the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 2 Description of pain in the entire sample (N = 320) and separately for mothers (N = 258) and fathers (N = 62)

	All*	Mothers	Fathers	p value
Average pain score ^a	0.48 (0.50)	0.51 (0.50)	0.37 (0.49)	<0.001
Pain interference, activity ^b	1.43 (2.02)	1.58 (2.14)	0.74 (1.07)	<0.001
Pain interference, emotions ^b	1.80 (2.17)	1.94 (2.26)	1.09 (1.31)	<0.001
Pain duration				0.075
No pain	96 (30%)	72 (28%)	24 (39%)
≤3 months	64 (20%)	49 (19%)	15 (24%)
˃3 months	160 (50%)	137 (53%)	23 (37%)
Pain analgesics in the past 4 weeks				0.016
Yes	178 (56%)	152 (59%)	26 (42%)
No	142 (44%)	106 (41%)	36 (58%)
Frequency of pain analgesics in the past 4 weeks				0.635
Daily	23 (13%)	18 (12%)	5 (19%)
Every week, but not daily	37 (21%)	33 (22%)	4 (5%)
Less often than every week	116 (65%)	99 (65%)	17 (65%)
No intake	2 (1%)	2 (1%)	0

Categorical data are presented as numbers (%) and continuous variables as mean (SD).
Chi-square tests and independent sample t tests are used to compare differences in categorical variables and continuous data, respectively
^a Range: 0–10, where 10 indicates pain as bad as can be imagined
^b Range 0–10, where 10 indicates complete interference of pain
*Some parents do not respond to all questions, and thereby different number (n) for some variables

ISSN: 1471-2458