Table 1 Characteristics of the study population and stratified by lignoceric acid (24:0)

Number

806

211

220

199

176

Weighted number

33,459,737

8,367,754

8,434,947

8,305,116

8,351,919

Continuous variables, mean ± SD

Age (year)

69 ± 6

71 ± 6

69 ± 7

69 ± 6

68 ± 6

< 0.001 ^***

PIR

3.13 ± 1.58

2.89 ± 1.51

3.03 ± 1.56

3.15 ± 1.67

3.45 ± 1.55

0.004 ^**

BMI, kg/m²

29 ± 6

31 ± 6

29 ± 6

28 ± 6

27 ± 6

< 0.001 ^***

Waist circumference (cm)

102 ± 15

108 ± 15

102 ± 13

101 ± 15

98 ± 15

< 0.001 ^***

Composite Z-score

0.25 ± 0.7

0.02 ± 0.75

0.20 ± 0.72

0.19 ± 0.79

0.58 ± 0.73

< 0.001 ^***

CERAD-IR Z-score

0.21 ± 0.94

-0.01 ± 1.01

0.19 ± 0.85

0.11 ± 0.93

0.58 ± 0.85

< 0.001 ^***

CERAD-DR Z-score

0.18 ± 0.97

-0.05 ± 0.97

0.09 ± 0.94

0.13 ± 0.99

0.55 ± 0.89

< 0.001 ^***

AFT Z-score

0.25 ± 1.01

0.07 ± 0.95

0.27 ± 0.99

0.16 ± 1.01

0.50 ± 1.05

0.018 ^*

DSST Z-score

0.34 ± 0.98

0.07 ± 0.93

0.27 ± 0.94

0.35 ± 0.98

0.68 ± 0.99

< 0.001 ^***

Depression score

3.1 ± 4.4

4.3 ± 5.9

3.1 ± 3.7

2.7 ± 3.7

2.5 ± 3.8

< 0.001 ^***

Total energy intake, kcal

1,866 ± 683

1,749 ± 664

1,872 ± 647

1,925 ± 769

1,918 ± 635

0.010 ^*

Triglycerides, mg/dL

121 ± 66

189 ± 78

123 ± 42

100 ± 41

72 ± 26

< 0.001 ^***

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

192 ± 42

185 ± 42

191 ± 42

190 ± 45

201 ± 39

0.14

HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

57 ± 17

47 ± 12

55 ± 14

58 ± 15

69 ± 18

< 0.001 ^***

LDL cholesterol, mg/dL

110 ± 36

101 ± 36

111 ± 36

112 ± 39

117 ± 32

0.021 ^*

WBC, ×10³ cells/µL

6.67 ± 2.02

7.19 ± 1.78

6.68 ± 2.00

6.45 ± 1.78

6.35 ± 2.35

< 0.001 ^***

Lymphocyte, ×10³ cells/µL

1.83 ± 0.75

1.95 ± 0.68

1.81 ± 0.67

1.74 ± 0.55

1.83 ± 1.00

0.080

Neutrophils, ×10³ cells/µL

4.01 ± 1.59

4.39 ± 1.46

4.07 ± 1.56

3.86 ± 1.39

3.73 ± 1.85

< 0.001 ^***

NLR

2.47 ± 1.58

2.58 ± 1.52

2.46 ± 1.26

2.45 ± 1.27

2.37 ± 2.13

0.3

NAR

0.96 ± 0.39

1.04 ± 0.36

0.98 ± 0.39

0.92 ± 0.32

0.90 ± 0.47

< 0.001 ^***

SII

553 ± 405

549 ± 329

561 ± 331

561 ± 434

542 ± 502

0.5

SIRI

1.42 ± 1.26

1.57 ± 1.11

1.39 ± 1.05

1.38 ± 0.93

1.35 ± 1.78

0.008 ^**

Categorical variables, n (%)

Male

373 (43)

104 (46)

110 (44)

86 (47)

73 (37)

0.5

Race

< 0.001 ^***

 Non-Hispanic White

426 (81)

115 (80)

115 (80)

100 (79)

96 (84)

 Non-Hispanic Black

159 (8.5)

16 (3.2)

37 (8.3)

47 (10)

59 (13)

 Other Hispanic

94 (4.0)

33 (6.1)

32 (5.4)

20 (3.2)

9 (1.3)

 Other/multiracial

58 (3.3)

21 (4.6)

15 (3.0)

15 (3.8)

7 (1.6)

 Mexican American

69 (3.5)

26 (5.7)

21 (3.6)

17 (3.6)

5 (1.0)

Education

0.034 ^*

 Less than 9th grade

90 (5.7)

35 (9.0)

32 (7.4)

18 (4.7)

5 (1.9)

 9-11th grade

119 (12)

36 (12)

30 (11)

33 (16)

20 (7.8)

 High school graduate/GED

190 (22)

47 (22)

55 (24)

43 (26)

44 (18)

 Some college or associate’s degree

216 (30)

56 (33)

54 (30)

52 (24)

54 (33)

 College graduate or above

191 (30)

37 (24)

49 (28)

53 (30)

53 (40)

 Alcohol intake

(≥ 12 drinks/year)

550 (73)

136 (70)

146 (70)

143 (76)

126 (77)

0.3

Smoking status

0.8

 Current smoker

97 (11)

29 (10)

23 (10)

23 (13)

22 (9.1)

 Former smoker

311 (39)

86 (43)

88 (42)

74 (35)

65 (37)

 Never smoker

398 (50)

96 (47)

109 (48)

102 (52)

89 (54)

Hypertension

517 (61)

148 (74)

146 (63)

123 (59)

101 (49)

0.005 ^**

Diabetes mellitus

0.002 ^**

 No

608 (77)

146 (66)

155 (74)

161 (79)

146 (89)

 Borderline

39 (5.4)

7 (3.5)

13 (7.4)

11 (5.8)

8 (5.0)

 Yes

159 (17)

58 (30)

52 (19)

27 (15)

22 (5.8)

Stroke

55 (6.0)

16 (7.2)

14 (4.5)

15 (7.8)

10 (4.6)

0.5

CHD

72 (9.8)

29 (15)

18 (9.5)

15 (7.9)

10 (6.4)

0.074