Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Host Countries

   US

5

[51,52,53,54,55]

   Switzerland

4

[56,57,58,59]

   Germany

3

[60,61,62]

   Italy

2

[63, 64]

   Spain

2

[65, 66]

   Australia

1

[67]

   Canada

1

[68]

   China

1

[69]

   France

1

[70]

   Lebanon

1

[71]

   Singapore

1

[72]

   Türkiye

1

[73]

Population characteristics

   Migrant definition

      Immigrant

7

[59, 63,64,65,66,67,68]

      Migrant

5

[52, 61, 62, 69, 70]

      Asylum seeker

4

[56,57,58, 60]

      Undocumented

4

[51, 53,54,55]

      Refugee

2

[71, 73]

      Foreign worker

1

[72]

   Place of birth

      Only region reported

10

[51,52,53,54,55, 58, 61, 66, 70, 73]

      Not reported

7

[60, 62,63,64,65, 68, 69]

      Country reported

6

[56, 57, 59, 67, 71, 72]

Study design

   Quantitative

22

[52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73]

   Qualitative

1

[51]

Data collection

   Retrospective

18

[52,53,54,55,56,57, 59,60,61, 63,64,65,66, 68, 70,71,72,73]

   Prospective

5

[51, 58, 62, 67, 69]

Source of data

   Hospital records

12

[52,53,54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 63, 64, 71,72,73]

   Surveys

7

[55, 58, 65,66,67,68,69]

   Interviews

3

[51, 61, 62]

   Multiple sources

1

[70]