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Table 2 The Hazard ratio and 95% CI for the incidence of CVDs and all-cause mortality based on the tertiles of diet quality indices and cigarette smoking intensity and duration among current smokers of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study†

From: Cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease incidence and all-cause mortality: the modifying role of diet quality

 

Cardiovascular diseases, HR (95%CI)

P-trend

All-cause mortality, HR (95%CI)

P-trend

 

T1

T2

T3

T1

T2

T3

Smoking intensity (cigarettes/day)

        

Follow-up time (year)

8.6

8.6

7.9

 

9

8.8

8.6

 

Person/time

1827

1982

1552

 

1911

2026

1666

 

Incident case/Total

14/213

12/229

28/193

 

3/213

7/229

16/193

 

Crude model

Ref

0.86 (0.39, 1.89)

2.47 (1.27, 4.81)

0.001

Ref

1.93 (0.48, 7.74)

6.19 (1.79, 21.39)

0.001

Model 1*

Ref

0.87 (0.39, 1.94)

2.71 (1.37, 5.37)

0.001

Ref

1.99 (0.47, 8.31)

7.93 (2.19, 28.66)

0.001

Model 2**

Ref

0.90 (0.40, 2.02)

2.96 (1.48, 5.91)

0.001

Ref

2.10 (0.49, 9.05)

8.28 (2.18, 31.42)

0.001

Smoking intensity and duration (Pack. year)

        

Follow-up time (year)

8.8

8.5

7.9

 

8.9

8.9

8.6

 

Person/time

1616

1597

1449

 

1644

1663

1560

 

Incident case/Total

6/183

12/186

29/180

 

3/183

5/186

17/180

 

Crude model

Ref

2.37 (0.83, 6.75)

6.26 (2.41, 16.28)

0.001

Ref

1.29 (0.29, 5.79)

5.93 (1.73, 20.37)

0.001

Model 1

Ref

1.80 (0.62, 5.24)

4.03 (1.49, 10.87)

0.001

Ref

0.98 (0.20, 4.62)

4.43 (1.15, 17.03)

0.002

Model 2**

Ref

1.82 (0.62, 5.27)

4.41 (1.61, 12.08)

0.001

Ref

0.96 (0.20, 4.65)

4.06 (1.01, 16.28)

0.007

DQI-I

        

Follow-up time (year)

8.4

8.5

8.2

 

8.8

8.8

8.8

 

Person/time

1808

1816

1761

 

1878

1875

1875

 

Incident case/Total

14/213

18/213

22/212

 

7/213

11/213

8/212

 

Crude model

Ref

1.23 (0.61, 2.47)

1.32 (0.66, 2.63)

0.441

Ref

1.36 (0.52, 3.59)

0.95 (0.33, 2.72)

0.897

Model 1*

Ref

1.16 (0.57, 2.38)

1.23 (0.61, 2.48)

0.555

Ref

1.16 (0.43, 3.15)

0.78 (0.27, 2.25)

0.607

Model 2**

Ref

1.13 (0.55, 2.32)

1.15 (0.56, 2.36)

0.711

Ref

1.22 (0.44, 3.38)

0.90 (0.30, 2.68)

0.814

DQI-R

        

Follow-up time (year)

8.5

8.6

8.00

 

9

8.8

8.5

 

Person/time

2308

1713

1364

 

2419

1756

1453

 

Incident case/Total

26/268

10/200

18/170

 

12/268

8/200

6/170

 

Crude model

Ref

0.45 (0.21, 0.96)

0.94 (0.50, 1.76)

0.497

Ref

0.78 (0.31, 1.99)

0.63 (0.22, 1.81)

0.379

Model 1*

Ref

0.45 (0.20, 0.98)

0.95 (0.51, 1.78)

0.542

Ref

0.59 (0.22, 1.56)

0.56 (0.19, 1.62)

0.223

Model 2**

Ref

0.43 (0.19, 0.96)

0.84 (0.43, 1.66)

0.359

Ref

0.55 (0.20, 1.52)

0.54 (0.17, 1.67)

0.220

Med.DQI

        

Follow-up time (year)

8.1

8.4

8.7

 

8.6

8.9

8.9

 

Person/time

1830

2253

1302

 

1945

2353

1330

 

Incident case/Total

23/226

24/264

7/148

 

7/226

11/264

8/148

 

Crude model

Ref

0.93 (0.51, 1.68)

0.51 (0.21, 1.21)

0.127

Ref

1.09 (0.40, 2.95)

1.81 (0.65, 4.49)

0.222

Model 1*

Ref

1.08 (0.59, 1.97)

0.62 (0.26, 1.47)

0.289

Ref

1.59 (0.58, 4.37)

3.42 (1.15, 10.21)

0.023

Model 2**

Ref

1.09 (0.59, 2.04)

0.62 (0.26, 1.50)

0.300

Ref

1.56 (0.55, 4.43)

3.45 (1.12, 10.57)

0.025

  1. Abbreviations: DQI-I: Diet quality index-international; DQI-R: Diet quality index-revised; Med-DQI: Mediterranean-diet quality index.
  2. *Adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and job status.
  3. **Additionally, adjusted for body mass index, physical activity, calorie intake, marriage status, and education level.
  4. † Significant relations are bolded.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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