Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the studied population from Tehran lipid and glucose study*

Age (year)

47.71 ± 10.61

45.65 ± 9.87

51.86 ± 10.83

0.001

Male (%)

88.60

86.20

93.40

0.001

Body mass index (kg/m²)

27.23 ± 4.32

27.10 ± 4.49

27.49 ± 3.96

0.171

Physical activity (MET/min/wk)

2679 ± 4410

2916 ± 4810

2197 ± 3418

0.009

Education level (higher than diploma, %)

22.90

22.40

23.70

0.380

Job status (employed, %)

80.80

85.40

71.40

0.001

Marital status (married, %)

90.60

88.90

94.00

0.011

Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl)

99.73 ± 29.97

97.72 ± 27.62

103.78 ± 33.90

0.006

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

116.09 ± 16.52

113.97 ± 15.95

120.36 ± 16.84

0.001

DQI-I

63.09 ± 8.08

62.16 ± 8.12

64.97 ± 7.68

0.001

Variety

16.25 ± 2.97

16.22 ± 3.04

16.31 ± 2.82

0.675

Adequacy

32.08 ± 3.53

31.90 ± 3.67

32.46 ± 3.22

0.016

Moderation

12.33 ± 5.73

11.81 ± 5.79

13.38 ± 5.46

0.001

Overall balance

2.40 ± 2.50

2.22 ± 2.24

2.78 ± 2.24

0.001

DQI-R

70.71 ± 12.38

69.23 ± 12.49

73.67 ± 11.63

0.001

Dietary diversity

6.16 ± 1.32

6.15 ± 1.35

6.19 ± 1.25

0.697

Dietary moderation

6.21 ± 1.25

6.10 ± 1.29

6.42 ± 1.12

0.001

Med-DQI

6.05 ± 1.76

6.22 ± 1.77

5.69 ± 1.68

0.001

CVDs incidence (%)

9.80

8.50

12.60

0.042

All-cause mortality (%)

4.20

4.10

4.40

0.804