Table 3 Mechanisms identified within a case study of influenza surveillance systems and of a zoonotic outbreak
From: One Health communication channels: a qualitative case study of swine influenza in Canada in 2020
Stakeholders mentioned information was shared | Stakeholders mentioned information was not shared | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Elements | In a situation where the element was present | In a situation where the element was absent | In a situation where the element was present | In a situation where the element was absent |
Identifying information to share | ||||
Understanding of other sectors’ needs | Surveillance: - Actions are taken to increase human and ecosystem health stakeholders in CEZD membership. Outbreak: - Animal health stakeholders shared surveillance information and supported field investigation. | Surveillance: - Reports from animal health (CWSHIN, CSHIN, CAHSS, CEZD) and human health (FluWatch, GPHIN) is available online. | Surveillance: - Information is not systematically shared between sectors. | |
Type: information (vs data) | Surveillance: - Analyzed data (information) is shared or available in reports. | Surveillance and outbreak: - Privacy and ethical barriers to share data within (e.g., provincial to federal) and between sectors. | ||
Sharing information | ||||
Presence of communication channels | Outbreak: - The shared position between the Alberta Ministries of Agriculture and Health was a facilitator for coordinating. | Surveillance: - Complicated information sharing systems is a barrier to communication between sectors. | ||
Type: formal channel (vs informal) | Outbreak (unclear): - Guidelines for an internationally reportable human disease needed the involvement of PHAC, but it is uncertain if the participation of animal health stakeholders was prescribed too. | Surveillance and outbreak: - Direct communication channels (phone call) were faster than formal channels. | Surveillance: - Lack of formal interaction within and between some human and animal health systems can result in missed information transfer. | |
Trust | Surveillance: - Information sharing within and between human, animal, and ecosystem health stakeholders requires trust. | |||
Identifying information to share and sharing information | ||||
Resources | Surveillance: - Restricted budgets for some programs, impeding ability to connect with other organizations/programs, and impacting resilience of infrastructure and health systems. - There is a need for additional medical expertise resource and policy to be able to integrate One Health to policies. | |||