Table 2 Pharmacologically distinct non-opioid adulterants identified within 1007 samples of illicit fentanyl
Non-Opioid Adulterants | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Stimulants | Sedative-Hypnotics | Anesthetics | Other |
Methamphetamine | Xylazine | Lidocaine | Acetaminophen (Analgesic, antipyretic) |
Cocaine | Alprazolam | Procaine | Dextromethorphan |
Caffeine | Clonazolam | Bupivacaine | Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Cannabinoid) |
Benzeneethanamine (amphetamine analogue) | Clonazepam | 4-methylaminoantipyrine (Metamizole metabolite, analgesic) | |
Phenobarbital | Papaverine (Phosphodiesterase inhibitor) | ||
Etizolam | Levamisole (Anthelminthic) | ||
Carisoprodol | Mannitol, sorbitol (Diluents) | ||
Diazepam | |||