Table 1 Sociodemographic information of participants

Age (years)⁵

52.42 ± 4.49

50.67 ± 5.42

52.43 ± 4.44

52.81 ± 4.45

55.82 ± 3.51

< 0.001

Education level⁶

< 0.001

 Primary school and below

756 (28.3)

73 (28.3)

531 (27.9)

146 (31.0)

15 (20.8)

 Junior high school

893 (33.0)

74 (28.7)

624 (32.8)

164 (34.8)

31(43.1)

 Senior high or vocational school

46 (16.5)

53 (20.5)

290 (15.2)

83 (17.6)

20 (27.8)

 College or above

602 (22.2)

58 (22.5)

460 (24.1)

78 (16.6)

6 (8.3)

Per capita monthly income (Yuan)⁶

< 0.001

 <1500

1277(47.2)

86(33.3)

922(48.4)

213(45.2)

56(77.8)

 1500 ~ 3000

792(29.3)

77(29.8)

548(28.8)

161(34.2)

6(8.3)

 >3000

637(23.5)

95(36.9)

435(22.8)

97(20.6)

10(13.9)

Marital status⁶

< 0.001

 Married/unmarried with a partner

1392(51.4)

190(73.6)

935(49.1)

215(45.6)

52(72.2)

 Divorced

479(17.7)

40(15.5)

364(19.1)

70(14.9)

5(6.9)

 Widowed

577(21.3)

12(4.7)

465(24.4)

95(20.2)

5(6.9)

 Single

258(9.5)

16(6.2)

141(7.4)

91(19.3)

10(14.0)

Chronic diseases⁶

0.431

 Yes

1238 (45.8)

125 (48.4)

880 (46.2)

201 (42.7)

32 (44.4)

 No

1468 (54.2)

133 (51.6)

1025 (53.8)

270 (57.3)

40 (55.6)

Negative life events⁶

< 0.001

 Yes

1281 (47.3)

119 (46.1)

814 (42.7)

285 (60.5)

63 (87.5)

 No

1425 (52.7)

139 (53.9)

1091 (57.3)

186 (39.5)

9 (12.5)

Height (m)⁵

1.60 ± 0.05

1.61 ± 0.05

1.60 ± 0.05

1.59 ± 0.05

1.60 ± 0.05

< 0.001

Weight (Kg)⁵

56.05 ± 7.55

45.66 ± 3.31

54.63 ± 4.92

64.56 ± 4.63

75.30 ± 5.94

< 0.001

Total body water (L)⁵

27.87 ± 2.92

24.97 ± 2.12

27.55 ± 2.47

30.04 ± 2.69

32.64 ± 3.03

< 0.001

Skeletal muscle (Kg)⁵

20.30 ± 2.38

17.88 ± 1.71

20.04 ± 2.00

22.10 ± 2.19

24.19 ± 2.45

< 0.001

Fat mass (Kg)⁵

17.99 ± 4.80

11.57 ± 2.00

16.99 ± 3.06

23.56 ± 2.85

30.79 ± 3.56

< 0.001

Protein (Kg)⁵

7.39 ± 0.79

6.59 ± 0.58

7.31 ± 0.66

7.99 ± 0.73

8.69 ± 0.80

< 0.001

Waist-hip ratio⁵

0.86 ± 0.04

0.82 ± 0.03

0.86 ± 0.04

0.89 ± 0.04

0.93 ± 0.04

< 0.001